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Article

Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia

by
Katendi Changula
1,
Edgar Simulundu
2,3,
Boniface Pongombo Lombe
4,5,6,
Eri Nakayama
7,
Hiroko Miyamoto
4,
Yuji Takahashi
4,
Hirofumi Sawa
2,8,9,
Chuma Simukonda
10,
Bernard M. Hang’ombe
1 and
Ayato Takada
2,4,9,*
1
Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
2
Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
3
Macha Research Trust, P.O. Box 630166, Choma 20100, Zambia
4
Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
5
Central Veterinary Laboratory of Kinshasa, Kinshasa BP 8842, Democratic Republic of the Congo
6
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Pedagogic University, Kinshasa BP 8815, Democratic Republic of the Congo
7
Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
8
Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
9
International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
10
Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Chilanga 10101, Zambia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2021, 13(7), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071283
Submission received: 19 May 2021 / Revised: 23 June 2021 / Accepted: 25 June 2021 / Published: 30 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Consequence Viral Transmission)
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Abstract

Ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are filoviruses that are known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). While some bat species are suspected to be natural reservoirs of these filoviruses, wild NHPs often act as intermediate hosts for viral transmission to humans. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened two NHP species, wild baboons and vervet monkeys captured in Zambia, for their serum IgG antibodies specific to the envelope glycoproteins of filoviruses. From 243 samples tested, 39 NHPs (16%) were found to be seropositive either for ebolaviruses or marburgviruses with endpoint antibody titers ranging from 100 to 25,600. Interestingly, antibodies reactive to Reston virus, which is found only in Asia, were detected in both NHP species. There was a significant difference in the seropositivity for the marburgvirus antigen between the two NHP species, with baboons having a higher positive rate. These results suggest that wild NHPs in Zambia might be nonlethally exposed to these filoviruses, and this emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of filovirus infection in wild animals to better understand the ecology of filoviruses and to assess potential risks of outbreaks in humans in previously nonendemic countries.
Keywords: Ebola virus; ebolavirus; Marburg virus; marburgvirus; filovirus; nonhuman primate; antibody; seroprevalence; Zambia Ebola virus; ebolavirus; Marburg virus; marburgvirus; filovirus; nonhuman primate; antibody; seroprevalence; Zambia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Changula, K.; Simulundu, E.; Lombe, B.P.; Nakayama, E.; Miyamoto, H.; Takahashi, Y.; Sawa, H.; Simukonda, C.; Hang’ombe, B.M.; Takada, A. Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia. Viruses 2021, 13, 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071283

AMA Style

Changula K, Simulundu E, Lombe BP, Nakayama E, Miyamoto H, Takahashi Y, Sawa H, Simukonda C, Hang’ombe BM, Takada A. Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia. Viruses. 2021; 13(7):1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071283

Chicago/Turabian Style

Changula, Katendi, Edgar Simulundu, Boniface Pongombo Lombe, Eri Nakayama, Hiroko Miyamoto, Yuji Takahashi, Hirofumi Sawa, Chuma Simukonda, Bernard M. Hang’ombe, and Ayato Takada. 2021. "Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia" Viruses 13, no. 7: 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071283

APA Style

Changula, K., Simulundu, E., Lombe, B. P., Nakayama, E., Miyamoto, H., Takahashi, Y., Sawa, H., Simukonda, C., Hang’ombe, B. M., & Takada, A. (2021). Serological Evidence of Filovirus Infection in Nonhuman Primates in Zambia. Viruses, 13(7), 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071283

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