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Article

Genetic Insights into Feline Parvovirus: Evaluation of Viral Evolutionary Patterns and Association between Phylogeny and Clinical Variables

by
Claudia Maria Tucciarone
1,*,
Giovanni Franzo
1,
Matteo Legnardi
1,
Elena Lazzaro
1,
Andrea Zoia
2,
Matteo Petini
2,
Tommaso Furlanello
3,
Marco Caldin
2,
Mattia Cecchinato
1 and
Michele Drigo
1
1
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
2
Division of Internal Medicine, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Viale dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
3
Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostics, San Marco Veterinary Private Clinic, Via dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2021, 13(6), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061033
Submission received: 4 April 2021 / Revised: 18 May 2021 / Accepted: 28 May 2021 / Published: 30 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Epidemiology of Viral Infections)
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Abstract

Feline panleukopenia is a severe disease of cats caused by feline parvovirus (FPV), and marginally canine parvovirus (CPV). Despite being less rapid than CPV, FPV evolution deserves attention, especially since outbreaks of particular severity are currently reported. This apparently different virulence needs monitoring from genetic and clinical points of view. This manuscript explored FPV molecular epidemiology at both Italian and international levels and the possible association between viral phylogeny and disease severity. Sequences from clinical cases of feline panleukopenia in Italy were obtained from 2011 to 2019, and the etiological agent was characterized, distinguishing FPV from CPV. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses were conducted on Italian and international sequences. Moreover, the association between the viral sequence and clinical variables was evaluated on a group of highly characterized patients. After its origin in the 1920s, FPV showed a constant population size until a more recent expansion since 2000. Few long-distance introduction events characterized FPV spreading, however, most of its evolution occurred locally. Although without a strong statistical association, several clinical variables appeared influenced by viral phylogeny, suggesting a differential virulence potentially characterizing FPV strains. These results stress the importance of the continuous study of viral evolution and its repercussions on the disease clinical aspects.
Keywords: feline panleukopenia; molecular epidemiology; phylodynamics; disease severity; canine parvovirus feline panleukopenia; molecular epidemiology; phylodynamics; disease severity; canine parvovirus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tucciarone, C.M.; Franzo, G.; Legnardi, M.; Lazzaro, E.; Zoia, A.; Petini, M.; Furlanello, T.; Caldin, M.; Cecchinato, M.; Drigo, M. Genetic Insights into Feline Parvovirus: Evaluation of Viral Evolutionary Patterns and Association between Phylogeny and Clinical Variables. Viruses 2021, 13, 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061033

AMA Style

Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Legnardi M, Lazzaro E, Zoia A, Petini M, Furlanello T, Caldin M, Cecchinato M, Drigo M. Genetic Insights into Feline Parvovirus: Evaluation of Viral Evolutionary Patterns and Association between Phylogeny and Clinical Variables. Viruses. 2021; 13(6):1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061033

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tucciarone, Claudia Maria, Giovanni Franzo, Matteo Legnardi, Elena Lazzaro, Andrea Zoia, Matteo Petini, Tommaso Furlanello, Marco Caldin, Mattia Cecchinato, and Michele Drigo. 2021. "Genetic Insights into Feline Parvovirus: Evaluation of Viral Evolutionary Patterns and Association between Phylogeny and Clinical Variables" Viruses 13, no. 6: 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061033

APA Style

Tucciarone, C. M., Franzo, G., Legnardi, M., Lazzaro, E., Zoia, A., Petini, M., Furlanello, T., Caldin, M., Cecchinato, M., & Drigo, M. (2021). Genetic Insights into Feline Parvovirus: Evaluation of Viral Evolutionary Patterns and Association between Phylogeny and Clinical Variables. Viruses, 13(6), 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13061033

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