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Volume 13
Issue 3
10.3390/v13030489
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Article

First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020

by
Saki Sakuma
1,†,
Yuko Uchida
1,*,†,
Momoyo Kajita
2,
Taichiro Tanikawa
1,
Junki Mine
1,
Ryota Tsunekuni
1 and
Takehiko Saito
1
1
Division of Transboundary Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki 3050856, Japan
2
Hokkaido Kamikawa Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hokkaido 0718154, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030489
Submission received: 12 February 2021 / Revised: 11 March 2021 / Accepted: 11 March 2021 / Published: 16 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric and Respiratory Viruses in Animals)
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Abstract

On 5 November 2020, a confirmed outbreak due to an H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) occurred at an egg-hen farm in Kagawa prefecture (western Japan). This virus, A/chicken/Kagawa/11C/2020 (Kagawa11C2020), was the first HPAI poultry isolate in Japan in 2020 and had multiple basic amino acids—a motif conferring high pathogenicity to chickens—at the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Mortality of chickens was 100% through intravenous inoculation tests performed according to World Organization for Animal Health criteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin of Kagawa11C2020 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4B of the H5 Goose/Guangdong lineage and clusters with H5N8 HPAIVs isolated from wild bird feces collected in Hokkaido (Japan) and Korea in October 2020. These H5N8 HPAIVs are closely related to H5N8 HPAIVs isolated in European countries during the winter of 2019–2020. Intranasal inoculation of chickens with 106 fifty-percent egg infectious doses of Kagawa11C2020 revealed that the 50% chicken lethal dose was 104.63 and the mean time to death was 134.4 h. All infected chickens demonstrated viral shedding beginning on 2 dpi—before clinical signs were observed. These results suggest that affected chickens could transmit Kagawa11C2020 to surrounding chickens in the absence of clinical signs for several days before they died.
Keywords: H5N8; highly pathogenic avian influenza; Japan; 2020; chicken; animal experiment H5N8; highly pathogenic avian influenza; Japan; 2020; chicken; animal experiment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sakuma, S.; Uchida, Y.; Kajita, M.; Tanikawa, T.; Mine, J.; Tsunekuni, R.; Saito, T. First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020. Viruses 2021, 13, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030489

AMA Style

Sakuma S, Uchida Y, Kajita M, Tanikawa T, Mine J, Tsunekuni R, Saito T. First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020. Viruses. 2021; 13(3):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030489

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sakuma, Saki, Yuko Uchida, Momoyo Kajita, Taichiro Tanikawa, Junki Mine, Ryota Tsunekuni, and Takehiko Saito. 2021. "First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020" Viruses 13, no. 3: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030489

APA Style

Sakuma, S., Uchida, Y., Kajita, M., Tanikawa, T., Mine, J., Tsunekuni, R., & Saito, T. (2021). First Outbreak of an H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus on a Chicken Farm in Japan in 2020. Viruses, 13(3), 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030489

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