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Volume 12
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10.3390/v12070706
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Article

Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster

by
Lieke Brouwer
1,*,
Kimberley S.M. Benschop
2,
Dung Nguyen
3,
Everlyn Kamau
3,
Dasja Pajkrt
4,
Peter Simmonds
3,† and
Katja C. Wolthers
1,†
1
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
3
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
4
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2020, 12(7), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070706
Submission received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 / Published: 30 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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Abstract

Enteroviruses (EVs) are highly prevalent viruses worldwide. Recombination is known to occur frequently in EVs belonging to species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Although many recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) strains have been reported, our knowledge on recombination in non-polio EVs in the species Enterovirus C is limited. Here, we combined a dataset consisting of 11 newly generated full-length Enterovirus C sequences and 180 publicly available sequences to study recombination dynamics in non-polio EVs. To identify recombination patterns, maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees of different genomic regions were constructed, and segregation analyses were performed. Recombination was observed between members of the same 3DPol cluster, but was rarely observed between members of different clusters. We hypothesize that this restriction may have arisen through their different compartmentalization in respiratory and enteric tracts related to differences in cellular tropisms so that the opportunity to recombine may not be available.
Keywords: Enterovirus; recombination Enterovirus; recombination

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MDPI and ACS Style

Brouwer, L.; Benschop, K.S.M.; Nguyen, D.; Kamau, E.; Pajkrt, D.; Simmonds, P.; Wolthers, K.C. Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster. Viruses 2020, 12, 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070706

AMA Style

Brouwer L, Benschop KSM, Nguyen D, Kamau E, Pajkrt D, Simmonds P, Wolthers KC. Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster. Viruses. 2020; 12(7):706. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070706

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brouwer, Lieke, Kimberley S.M. Benschop, Dung Nguyen, Everlyn Kamau, Dasja Pajkrt, Peter Simmonds, and Katja C. Wolthers. 2020. "Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster" Viruses 12, no. 7: 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070706

APA Style

Brouwer, L., Benschop, K. S. M., Nguyen, D., Kamau, E., Pajkrt, D., Simmonds, P., & Wolthers, K. C. (2020). Recombination Analysis of Non-Poliovirus Members of the Enterovirus C Species: Restriction of Recombination Events to Members of the Same 3DPol Cluster. Viruses, 12(7), 706. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070706

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