Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil

In the last decade, Flaviviruses such as yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) have expanded their transmission areas. These viruses originated in Africa, where they exhibit both sylvatic and interhuman transmission cycles. In Brazil, the risk of YFV urbanization has grown, with the sylvatic transmission approaching the most densely populated metropolis, while concern about ZIKV spillback to a sylvatic cycle has risen. To investigate these health threats, we carried out extensive collections and arbovirus screening of 144 free-living, non-human primates (NHPs) and 5219 mosquitoes before, during, and after ZIKV and YFV outbreaks (2015–2018) in southeast Brazil. ZIKV infection was not detected in any NHP collected at any time. In contrast, current and previous YFV infections were detected in NHPs sampled between 2017 and 2018, but not before the onset of the YFV outbreak. Mosquito pools screened by high-throughput PCR were positive for YFV when captured in the wild and during the YFV outbreak, but were negative for 94 other arboviruses, including ZIKV, regardless of the time of collection. In conclusion, there was no evidence of YFV transmission in coastal southeast Brazil before the current outbreak, nor the spread or establishment of an independent sylvatic cycle of ZIKV or urban Aedes aegypti transmission of YFV in the region. In view of the region’s receptivity and vulnerability to arbovirus transmission, surveillance of NHPs and mosquitoes should be strengthened and continuous. View Full-Text

Keywords: arboviruses; Flavivirus; serology; PRNT; high throughput real time PCR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Abreu, F.V.S.d.; Ferreira-de-Brito, A.; Azevedo, A.d.S.; Linhares, J.H.R.; de Oliveira Santos, V.; Hime Miranda, E.; Neves, M.S.A.S.; Yousfi, L.; Ribeiro, I.P.; Santos, A.A.C.d.; dos Santos, E.; Santos, T.P.d.; Teixeira, D.S.; Gomes, M.Q.; Fernandes, C.B.; Silva, A.M.V.d.; Lima, M.d.R.Q.; Paupy, C.; Romano, A.P.M.; Ano Bom, A.P.D.; Oliveira-Pinto, L.M.d.; Moutailler, S.; Motta, M.d.A.; Castro, M.G.; Bonaldo, M.C.; Maria Barbosa de Lima, S.; Lourenço-de-Oliveira, R. Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2020, 12, 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040364

AMA Style

Abreu FVSd, Ferreira-de-Brito A, Azevedo AdS, Linhares JHR, de Oliveira Santos V, Hime Miranda E, Neves MSAS, Yousfi L, Ribeiro IP, Santos AACd, dos Santos E, Santos TPd, Teixeira DS, Gomes MQ, Fernandes CB, Silva AMVd, Lima MdRQ, Paupy C, Romano APM, Ano Bom APD, Oliveira-Pinto LMd, Moutailler S, Motta MdA, Castro MG, Bonaldo MC, Maria Barbosa de Lima S, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. Viruses. 2020; 12(4):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040364

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abreu, Filipe V.S.d., Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito, Adriana d.S. Azevedo, José H.R. Linhares, Vanessa de Oliveira Santos, Emily Hime Miranda, Maycon S.A.S. Neves, Lena Yousfi, Ieda P. Ribeiro, Alexandre A.C.d. Santos, Edmilson dos Santos, Taissa P.d. Santos, Danilo S. Teixeira, Marcelo Q. Gomes, Camilla B. Fernandes, Andrea M.V.d. Silva, Monique d.R.Q. Lima, Christophe Paupy, Alessandro P.M. Romano, Ana P.D. Ano Bom, Luzia M.d. Oliveira-Pinto, Sara Moutailler, Monique d.A. Motta, Márcia G. Castro, Myrna C. Bonaldo, Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima, and Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira. 2020. "Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil" Viruses 12, no. 4: 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040364

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Survey on Non-Human Primates and Mosquitoes Does not Provide Evidences of Spillover/Spillback between the Urban and Sylvatic Cycles of Yellow Fever and Zika Viruses Following Severe Outbreaks in Southeast Brazil

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