Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Virus Structure
2. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics
2.1. Methods of Detection
2.2. Seroepidemiology
2.3. ICV in Children
2.4. Seasonality
2.5. Clinical Characteristics
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Manuscript | Location | Age Range | Median Age (yrs) | N | Hospitalized | Fever (%) | Rhinorrhea/Rhinitis | Cough | Wheeze | Headache | Diarrhea | Vomiting | Lower Resp |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moriuchi et al., 1991 [12] | Japan | 2 m to 11 y | 1 yr | 20 | - | 16 (80) | 5 (25) | 15 (75) | 1 (5) | - | 3 (15) | 3 (15) | 5 (25) |
Matsuzaki et al., 2006 [1] | Japan | <1 to 13 y | - | 170 | 29 (17) | 153 (90) | 105 (62) | 126 (74) | 21 (12) | 10 (6) | 17 (10) | 24 (14) | - |
Gouarin et al., 2008 * [101] | France | 4 m to 74 y | - | 18 | 12 (67) | 13 (93) | 8 (57) | 10 (71) | 2 (14) | - | 4 (29) | 5 (36) | - |
Anton et al., 2011 [104] | Spain | 1 to 60 y | 20.5 | 12 | - | 10 (83) | - | 10 (83) | - | 4 (33) | - | - | - |
Salez et al., 2014 [77] | France; Reunion Island; UK | <1 to 49 y | 3.2 | 12 | - | 9 (75) | 5 (42) | 7 (58) | - | - | - | - | 4 (33) |
Howard et al., 2017 [63] | Peru | <3 y | - | 39 | - | 24 (62) | 35 (90) | 34 (87) | 0 | - | - | - | 1 (3) |
Thielen et al., 2018 [103] | United States | <6 m to >18 y | 1.7 | 70 | 59 (84) | 33 (47) | 29 (41) | 42 (60) | 16 (23) | 6 (9) | 8 (11) | 20 (29) | . |
Pathogen | N |
---|---|
Rhinovirus/Enterovirus | 20 |
Respiratory syncytial virus | 16 |
Adenovirus | 11 |
Influenza A virus | 6 |
Influenza B virus | 4 |
Parainfluenza virus (1–4) | 9 |
Human metapneumovirus | 6 |
Coronavirus (229E, NL63) | 3 |
Rotavirus | 2 |
Chlamydia pneumoniae | 1 |
Moraxella catarrhalis | 1 |
Bordetella parapertussis | 1 |
Mumps virus | 1 |
Rubella virus | 1 |
Herpes simplex virus | 1 |
Total ICV (+) | 278 |
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Sederdahl, B.K.; Williams, J.V. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus. Viruses 2020, 12, 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010089
Sederdahl BK, Williams JV. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus. Viruses. 2020; 12(1):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010089
Chicago/Turabian StyleSederdahl, Bethany K., and John V. Williams. 2020. "Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus" Viruses 12, no. 1: 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010089