Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Equid Population n = 279 (%) | Seropositive n = 60 (%) | Seronegative n = 219 (%) | Odds Ratio 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Female | 104 (37.3) | 28 (46.7) | 76 (34.7) | Reference | |
Male | 175 (62.7) | 32 (53.3) | 143 (65.3) | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) | 0.1 |
Age (years) | |||||
≤3 | 56 (20.1) | 6 (10.0) | 50 (22.8) | Reference | |
4–8 | 137 (49.1) | 35 (58.3) | 102 (46.6) | 2.9 (1.1–7.2) | 0.03 |
>8 | 86 (30.8) | 19 (31.7) | 67 (30.6) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.1 |
Breed | |||||
Equus cabalus * | 258 (92.5) | 54 (90.0) | 204 (93.2) | Reference | |
Hibrids ** | 21 (7.5) | 6 (10.0) | 15 (6.8) | 0.7 (0.2–1.8) | 0.6 |
Region † | |||||
MR1 | 70 (25.1) | 13 (21.7) | 57 (26.0) | 5.8 (1.7–19.8) | 0.01 |
MR2 | 71 (25.4) | 12 (20.0) | 59 (26.9) | 6.5 (1.9–22.4) | 0.006 |
MR3 | 49 (17.6) | 18 (30.0) | 31 (14.1) | 2.3 (0.7–7.7) | 0.03 |
MR4 | 14 (5.0) | 8 (13.3) | 6 (2.7) | 9.8 (2.7–34.7) | 0.001 |
MR5 | 75 (26.9) | 9 (15.0) | 66 (30.1) | Reference |
Variables | Human Population n = 240 (%) * | Seropositive n = 11 (%) | Seronegative n = 229 (%) | Odds Ratio 95% CI | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Female | 113 (47.1) | 4 (36.4) | 106 (46.3) | 0.67 | Reference |
Male | 127 (52.9) | 7 (63.6) | 123 (53.7) | (0.19–2.32) | 0.7 |
Age (years) | |||||
≤18 | 40 (16.7) | 2 (18.2) | 38 (16.6) | *** | Reference |
19–30 | 40 (16.7) | 0 | 40 (17.5) | 0.7 | |
31–50 | 97 (40.4) | 4 (36.4) | 93 (40.6) | 0.99 | |
>50 | 63 (26.2) | 5 (45.4) | 58 (25.3) | 0.9 | |
Years of schooling completed | |||||
None | 24 (10.0) | 0 | 24 (10.5) | *** | Reference |
≤6 | 156 (65.0) | 9 (81.8) | 147 (64.2) | 0.99 | |
7–12 | 57 (23.8) | 2 (18.2) | 55 (24.0) | 0.99 | |
>12 | 3 (1.2) | 0 | 3 (1.3) | 0.99 | |
Income ** | |||||
≤1 min wage | 178 (74.2) | 11 (100.0) | 167 (72.9) | 2.5 | Reference |
>1 min wage | 19 (7.9) | 0 | 19 (8.3) | (0.14–44.3) | 0.99 |
Contact with equids | |||||
Yes | 141 (58.8) | 7 (63.6) | 134 (58.5) | 1.2 | 0.99 |
No | 96 (41.2) | 4 (36.4) | 92 (41.5) | (0.3–4.2) | Reference |
Contact with wild environment | |||||
Yes | 117 (48.8) | 8 (72.7) | 109 (47.6) | 2.9 | 0.2 |
No | 123 (51.2) | 3 (27.3) | 120 (52.4) | (0.75–11.3) | Reference |
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Share and Cite
Barbosa Costa, G.; Marinho, P.E.S.; Vilela, A.P.P.; Saraiva-Silva, A.T.; Crispim, A.P.C.; Borges, I.A.; Dutra, A.G.S.; Lobato, Z.I.P.; dos Reis, J.K.P.; de Oliveira, D.B.; et al. Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2019, 11, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111029
Barbosa Costa G, Marinho PES, Vilela APP, Saraiva-Silva AT, Crispim APC, Borges IA, Dutra AGS, Lobato ZIP, dos Reis JKP, de Oliveira DB, et al. Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil. Viruses. 2019; 11(11):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111029
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbosa Costa, Galileu, Paula Eillany Silva Marinho, Ana Paula Pessoa Vilela, Ana Teresa Saraiva-Silva, Ana Paula Correia Crispim, Iara Apolinário Borges, Ana Gabriella Stoffella Dutra, Zélia Inês Portela Lobato, Jenner Karlison Pimenta dos Reis, Danilo Bretas de Oliveira, and et al. 2019. "Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil" Viruses 11, no. 11: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11111029