Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP Modulates Ebola Virus Uptake into Vascular Endothelial Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Ex Vivo Mouse Vasculature Assay for EBOV Infection
2.3. Cell Treatments
2.4. EBOV Infection
2.5. Binding Assay
2.6. Early Endosome Isolation and Cell Fractionation
2.7. Immunofluorescence (IF)
2.8. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. EPAC1 Gene Deletion Attenuates EBOV Infection of Ex Vivo Vasculatures and of Primary ECs In Vitro
3.2. Pharmacological Inactivation of EPAC1 Protects ECs from EBOV Infection
3.3. ESIs Protect ECs When Given 24 h after EBOV Infection
3.4. ESI09 Blocks the Early Stage of EGP-VSV Infection in ECs
3.5. ESI09 Regulates EBOV Entry in a PI3K-Dependent Manner
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drelich, A.; Judy, B.; He, X.; Chang, Q.; Yu, S.; Li, X.; Lu, F.; Wakamiya, M.; Popov, V.; Zhou, J.; et al. Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP Modulates Ebola Virus Uptake into Vascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2018, 10, 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100563
Drelich A, Judy B, He X, Chang Q, Yu S, Li X, Lu F, Wakamiya M, Popov V, Zhou J, et al. Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP Modulates Ebola Virus Uptake into Vascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses. 2018; 10(10):563. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100563
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrelich, Aleksandra, Barbara Judy, Xi He, Qing Chang, Shangyi Yu, Xiang Li, Fanglin Lu, Maki Wakamiya, Vsevolod Popov, Jia Zhou, and et al. 2018. "Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP Modulates Ebola Virus Uptake into Vascular Endothelial Cells" Viruses 10, no. 10: 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100563