Mouse Gamma Herpesvirus MHV-68 Induces Severe Gastrointestinal (GI) Dilatation in Interferon Gamma Receptor-Deficient Mice (IFNγR−/−) That Is Blocked by Interleukin-10
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. MHV-68 Virus Passage and Preparation
2.3. MHV-68 Infection in Interferon Gamma Receptor-Deficient (IFNγR−/−) Mice
2.4. Histological and Morphometric Analysis
2.5. Western Blot
2.6. Cytokine Assays
2.7. Immunohistochemistry
2.8. Flow Cytometry
2.9. RT-PCR Analysis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. GI Dilatation in Herpesvirus (MHV-68)-Infected IFNγR−/− Mice
3.2. Detection of MHV-68 and Macrophage Infiltrates the Colon in Infected IFNγR−/− Mice
3.3. Degradation of SMC Is Associated with GI Tract Dilatation in MHV-68 Infections
3.4. Enhanced Macrophage Invasion in Colon Samples is Accompanied by Decreased Systemic IL-10
3.5. GI Dilatation Is Associated with Decreased Th2 Cells, B Cells, Monocytes, and Dendritic Cells in Spleen Cell Isolates and Significantly Modified Plasma Cytokines
3.6. Treatment with IL-10 Significantly Reduces GI Inflammation and Dilatation in MHV-68-Infected IFNγR−/− Mice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number IFNγR−/− Mice No MHV-68 Infection | Time to Follow Up–Number of MHV-68 Infected IFNγR−/− Mice | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treatment | 15 days | 3 days | 5 days | 7 days | 10 days | 15 days |
Saline | 15 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 25 |
IL-10 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 25 |
Total numbers MHV-68 infected mice | 0 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 50 |
Total number mice ± MHV-68 infection | Total—15 mice− MHV-68 infection | Total—98 mice + MHV-68 infection |
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Chen, H.; Bartee, M.Y.; Yaron, J.R.; Liu, L.; Zhang, L.; Zheng, D.; Hogue, I.B.; Bullard, W.L.; Tibbetts, S.; Lucas, A.R. Mouse Gamma Herpesvirus MHV-68 Induces Severe Gastrointestinal (GI) Dilatation in Interferon Gamma Receptor-Deficient Mice (IFNγR−/−) That Is Blocked by Interleukin-10. Viruses 2018, 10, 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100518
Chen H, Bartee MY, Yaron JR, Liu L, Zhang L, Zheng D, Hogue IB, Bullard WL, Tibbetts S, Lucas AR. Mouse Gamma Herpesvirus MHV-68 Induces Severe Gastrointestinal (GI) Dilatation in Interferon Gamma Receptor-Deficient Mice (IFNγR−/−) That Is Blocked by Interleukin-10. Viruses. 2018; 10(10):518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100518
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Hao, Mee Yong Bartee, Jordan R. Yaron, Liying Liu, Liqiang Zhang, Donghang Zheng, Ian B. Hogue, Whitney L. Bullard, Scott Tibbetts, and Alexandra R. Lucas. 2018. "Mouse Gamma Herpesvirus MHV-68 Induces Severe Gastrointestinal (GI) Dilatation in Interferon Gamma Receptor-Deficient Mice (IFNγR−/−) That Is Blocked by Interleukin-10" Viruses 10, no. 10: 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100518