Biocompatibility and Surface Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Physical Properties of the TiO2 Films
Heat Treatment (°C) | Crystalline Size (nm) | |
---|---|---|
Anatase TiO2 | Rutile TiO2 | |
500 | 15.9 | – |
800 | 20.8 | 37.5 |
1100 | – | 32.7 |
2.2. Biocompatibility Test
Current Density | Control (n = 6) | TiO2 Room Temperature (n = 7) | TiO2 100 °C (n = 5) | TiO2 300 °C (n = 6) | TiO2 500 °C (n = 5) | TiO2 800 °C (n = 5) | TiO2 1100 °C (n = 9) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pA/pF inward current | −813 ± 195 | −218 ± 98 * p = 0.016 | −462 ± 208 p = 0.250 | −276 ± 126* p = 0.043 | −375 ± 178 p = 0.138 | −715 ± 126 p = 0.695 | −164 ± 62 * p = 0.003 |
pA/pF outward current | 670 ± 121 | 285 ± 53 * p = 0.011 | 362 ± 79 p = 0.073 | 396 ± 103 p = 0.115 | 555 ± 103 p = 0.576 | 758 ± 107 p = 0.606 | 298 ± 54 * p = 0.012 |
Action Potential Parameters | Control (n = 7) | TiO2 Room Temperature (n = 5) | TiO2 100 °C (n = 5) | TiO2 300 °C (n = 6) | TiO2 500 °C (n = 6) | TiO2 800 °C (n = 6) | TiO2 1100 °C (n = 5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resting membrane potential | −60 ± 0.5 | −62 ± 2 | −62 ± 1 | −60 ± 0.4 | −61 ± 2 | −60 ± 0.2 | −60 ± 1 |
Amplitude of the action potential (mV) | 109 ± 7 | 106 ± 8 | 113 ± 8 | 109 ± 5 | 104 ± 3 | 108 ± 9 | 95 ± 10 |
Duration 50% (ms) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.81 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.84 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
Maximum depolarization rate (mV/ms) | 318 ± 42 | 236 ± 53 | 334 ± 59 | 253 ± 50 | 181 ± 39 * | 311 ± 62 | 209 ± 66 |
Maximum repolarization rate (mV/ms) | −118 ± 23 | −94 ± 17 | −170 ± 17 | −145 ± 21 | −91 ± 37 | −164 ± 23 | −155 ± 40 |
Threshold (mV) | −36 ± 2 | −34 ± 4 | −24 ± 4 * | −30 ± 4 | −23 ± 4 * | −34 ± 2 | −32 ± 4 |
Amplitude of the AHP (mV) | −10 ± 2 | −6 ± 2 | −8.5 ± 1 | −9 ± 1 | −9 ± 2 | −9 ± 0.4 | −10 ±0.5 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. TiO2 Films Deposition
3.2. Cell Culture
3.3. Electrophysiological Recording and Data Analysis
Solution | NaCl | KCl | CaCl2 | MgCl2 | HEPES | EGTA * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
External | 140 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 10 | – |
Internal | 10 | 135 | 0.134 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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López-Huerta, F.; Cervantes, B.; González, O.; Hernández-Torres, J.; García-González, L.; Vega, R.; Herrera-May, A.L.; Soto, E. Biocompatibility and Surface Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering. Materials 2014, 7, 4105-4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7064105
López-Huerta F, Cervantes B, González O, Hernández-Torres J, García-González L, Vega R, Herrera-May AL, Soto E. Biocompatibility and Surface Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering. Materials. 2014; 7(6):4105-4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7064105
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Huerta, Francisco, Blanca Cervantes, Octavio González, Julián Hernández-Torres, Leandro García-González, Rosario Vega, Agustín L. Herrera-May, and Enrique Soto. 2014. "Biocompatibility and Surface Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Sputtering" Materials 7, no. 6: 4105-4117. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7064105