Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials Through Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Thermochemical Properties of Oil-Containing Sludge
2.3. Phosphoric Acid Activation Experiments
2.4. Characterization of Carbon Products
3. Results
3.1. Thermochemical Characterization of Oil-Containing Sludge
3.2. Characterization of Resulting Carbon Products
- The H3PO4 impregnation ratio had a positive impact on the pore properties of the resulting carbon products. The BET surface area indicated a slight increasing trend as the impregnation ratio increased. As compared to the carbon product without impregnation by H3PO4 (i.e., C-0-SL-600-30), the enhancement in pore development with impregnation seemed be insignificant, thus showing that its BET surface area was slightly higher than that of the other carbon product (i.e., C-05-SL-600-30).
- The pore properties of carbon products can be enhanced by post-washing with water and dilute acid solution; that is, the following specific surface areas were obtained: 50.799 and 49.462 m2/g (C-0-SL-600-30 and C-05-SL-600-30, respectively), 58.980 and 57.832 m2/g (C-0-SL-600-30-W and C-05-SL-600-30-W, respectively), and 63.132 and 69.132 m2/g (C-0-SL-600-30-A and C-05-SL-600-30-A, respectively). On the other hand, acid-washing resulted in better pore properties than those obtained by water-washing, possibly due to more dissolution (leaching-off) of inorganic minerals and more pores being developed and formed [30,31,34].
4. Discussion
4.1. Thermochemical Characterization of Oil-Containing Sludge
4.2. Characterization of Resulting Carbon Products
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property a | Value |
---|---|
Proximate analysis b | |
Moisture (wt%) | 65.44 ± 0.34 |
Ash (wt%) | 24.98 ± 0.47 |
Combustible fraction (wt%) | 9.58 ± 0.35 |
Calorific value (MJ/kg) c | 13.06 ± 0.92 |
Code of Carbon Product | SBET b (m2/g) | Smicro c (m2/g) | Sext d (m2/g) | Vt e (cm3/g) | Vmicro c (cm3/g) | Dav f (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-0-SL-600-30 | 50.799 | 24.947 | 25.852 | 0.0769 | 0.0130 | 6.053 |
C-05-SL-600-30 | 49.462 | 29.524 | 19.938 | 0.0657 | 0.0148 | 5.314 |
C-10-SL-600-30 | 51.610 | 31.352 | 20.258 | 0.0613 | 0.0163 | 4.751 |
C-15-SL-600-30 | 54.563 | 39.245 | 15.318 | 0.0566 | 0.0197 | 4.147 |
C-20-SL-600-30 | 58.611 | 38.529 | 20.082 | 0.0590 | 0.0195 | 4.028 |
C-0-SL-600-30-W | 58.980 | 31.315 | 27.665 | 0.0796 | 0.0157 | 5.399 |
C-05-SL-600-30-W | 57.832 | 29.589 | 25.243 | 0.0760 | 0.0598 | 5.256 |
C-10-SL-600-30-W | 60.168 | 36.468 | 23.700 | 0.0674 | 0.0190 | 4.478 |
C-15-SL-600-30-W | 57.255 | 37.268 | 19.987 | 0.0584 | 0.0187 | 4.083 |
C-20-SL-600-30-W | 59.296 | 37.800 | 21.496 | 0.0686 | 0.0197 | 4.629 |
C-0-SL-600-30-A | 63.132 | 26.641 | 36.6889 | 0.0979 | 0.0138 | 6.185 |
C-05-SL-600-30-A | 69.132 | 31.152 | 37.980 | 0.1100 | 0.0155 | 6.365 |
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Kuo, L.-A.; Tsai, W.-T.; Pan, C.-C.; Ye, Y.-C.; Tsai, C.-H. Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials Through Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid. Materials 2024, 17, 6161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246161
Kuo L-A, Tsai W-T, Pan C-C, Ye Y-C, Tsai C-H. Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials Through Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid. Materials. 2024; 17(24):6161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246161
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuo, Li-An, Wen-Tien Tsai, Chien-Chen Pan, Ya-Chen Ye, and Chi-Hung Tsai. 2024. "Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials Through Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid" Materials 17, no. 24: 6161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246161
APA StyleKuo, L.-A., Tsai, W.-T., Pan, C.-C., Ye, Y.-C., & Tsai, C.-H. (2024). Conversion of Oil-Containing Residue from Waste Oil Recycling Plant into Porous Carbon Materials Through Activation Method with Phosphoric Acid. Materials, 17(24), 6161. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246161