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Article

GAM: General Auxetic Metamaterial with Tunable 3D Auxetic Behavior Using the Same Unit Cell Boundary Connectivity

by
Ismael Ben-Yelun
1,
Guillermo Gómez-Carano
1,
Francisco J. San Millán
1,2,
Miguel Ángel Sanz
1,
Francisco Javier Montáns
1,3 and
Luis Saucedo-Mora
1,4,5,*
1
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial Esteban Terradas, Carretera de Aljavir, Km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
3
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
4
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
5
Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093473
Submission received: 11 March 2023 / Revised: 24 April 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 29 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Metamaterials: Optimization and New Design Ideas)
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Abstract

Research on auxetic metamaterials is important due to their high performance against impact loadings and their usefulness in actuators, among other applications. These metamaterials offer a negative Poisson’s ratio at the macro level. However, usual auxetic metamaterials face challenges in (1) grading the effect, (2) coupling and combining auxetic metamaterials with non-auxetic materials due to boundary compatibility, (3) obtaining the same auxetic behavior in all directions in the transverse plane, and (4) adapting the regular geometry to the component design boundary and shape. The goal of this paper is to present a novel, recently patented tunable 3D metamaterial created to reproduce a wide spectrum of 3D auxetic and non-auxetic Poisson’s ratios and Young’s moduli. This wide range is obtained using the same basic unit cell geometry and boundary connections with neighboring cells, facilitating designs using functionally graded metamaterials as only the connectivity and position of the cell’s internal nodes are modified. Based on simple spatial triangularization, the metamaterial is easily scalable and better accommodates spatial curvatures or boundaries by changing the locations of nodes and lengths of bars.
Keywords: metamaterial; auxetic; variable properties; mimetic metamaterial; auxetic; variable properties; mimetic

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ben-Yelun, I.; Gómez-Carano, G.; San Millán, F.J.; Sanz, M.Á.; Montáns, F.J.; Saucedo-Mora, L. GAM: General Auxetic Metamaterial with Tunable 3D Auxetic Behavior Using the Same Unit Cell Boundary Connectivity. Materials 2023, 16, 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093473

AMA Style

Ben-Yelun I, Gómez-Carano G, San Millán FJ, Sanz MÁ, Montáns FJ, Saucedo-Mora L. GAM: General Auxetic Metamaterial with Tunable 3D Auxetic Behavior Using the Same Unit Cell Boundary Connectivity. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ben-Yelun, Ismael, Guillermo Gómez-Carano, Francisco J. San Millán, Miguel Ángel Sanz, Francisco Javier Montáns, and Luis Saucedo-Mora. 2023. "GAM: General Auxetic Metamaterial with Tunable 3D Auxetic Behavior Using the Same Unit Cell Boundary Connectivity" Materials 16, no. 9: 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093473

APA Style

Ben-Yelun, I., Gómez-Carano, G., San Millán, F. J., Sanz, M. Á., Montáns, F. J., & Saucedo-Mora, L. (2023). GAM: General Auxetic Metamaterial with Tunable 3D Auxetic Behavior Using the Same Unit Cell Boundary Connectivity. Materials, 16(9), 3473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093473

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