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Volume 15
Issue 3
10.3390/ma15030878
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Article

Analysis of the Effect of Photo and Hydrodegradation on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on PLA and PHI Modified with Natural Particles

by
Karolina E. Mazur
1,
Patrycja Bazan
1,
Aneta Liber-Kneć
2,
Julia Stępień
2,
Alan Puckowski
3,
Adrian Mirowski
3 and
Stanisław Kuciel
1,*
1
Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Institute of Materials Engineering, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
2
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomechanics, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
3
Bioliwer Technologies, Górki 3A, 82-500 Kwidzyn, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(3), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030878
Submission received: 19 December 2021 / Revised: 17 January 2022 / Accepted: 20 January 2022 / Published: 24 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Recycling of Biopolymer Composites)
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Abstract

Biodegradable polymer materials are increasingly used in the packaging industry due to their good properties and low environmental impact. Therefore, the work was performed on the injection molding of the bio-based composites of polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalcanates (PHI) modified with two phases: reinforcing (walnut shell flour and cellulose) and coloring (beta carotene and anthocyanin). The produced materials were subjected to wide mechanical characteristics—tensile, flexural, and fatigue tests. Additionally, the influence of photo and hydrodegradation on the change of the surface structure and mechanical properties of the composites was assessed. The addition of natural fillers contributed to the improvement of the stiffness of the tested composites. PHI composites withstood a higher number of cycles during cyclic loading, but the stress values obtained in the static tensile test were higher for PLA composites. Moreover, a clear change of color was observed after both the photo and hydrodegradation process for all tested materials; however, after the degradation processes, the filler-modified materials underwent greater discoloration. For the composites based on PHI, the type of degradation did not affect the mechanical properties. On the other hand, for PLA composites, hydrolytic degradation contributed to a higher decrease in properties—the decrease in tensile strength for unmodified PLA after photodegradation was 4%, while after hydrodegradation it was 24%.
Keywords: cellulose; walnut shell flour; photodegradation; contact angle; low-cycle tests cellulose; walnut shell flour; photodegradation; contact angle; low-cycle tests

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mazur, K.E.; Bazan, P.; Liber-Kneć, A.; Stępień, J.; Puckowski, A.; Mirowski, A.; Kuciel, S. Analysis of the Effect of Photo and Hydrodegradation on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on PLA and PHI Modified with Natural Particles. Materials 2022, 15, 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030878

AMA Style

Mazur KE, Bazan P, Liber-Kneć A, Stępień J, Puckowski A, Mirowski A, Kuciel S. Analysis of the Effect of Photo and Hydrodegradation on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on PLA and PHI Modified with Natural Particles. Materials. 2022; 15(3):878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030878

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mazur, Karolina E., Patrycja Bazan, Aneta Liber-Kneć, Julia Stępień, Alan Puckowski, Adrian Mirowski, and Stanisław Kuciel. 2022. "Analysis of the Effect of Photo and Hydrodegradation on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on PLA and PHI Modified with Natural Particles" Materials 15, no. 3: 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030878

APA Style

Mazur, K. E., Bazan, P., Liber-Kneć, A., Stępień, J., Puckowski, A., Mirowski, A., & Kuciel, S. (2022). Analysis of the Effect of Photo and Hydrodegradation on the Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on PLA and PHI Modified with Natural Particles. Materials, 15(3), 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030878

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