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10.3390/ma15217436
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Article

Influence of rGO on the Crystallization Kinetics, Cytoxicity, and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds

by
Esperanza Díaz
1,2,*,
Joseba León
3,
Alberto Murillo-Marrodán
3,
Sylvie Ribeiro
4,5 and
Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
2,6
1
Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Departamento de Ingeniería de Minera, Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48920 Portugalete, Spain
2
BcMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, (UPV/EHU) Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
3
Department of Mechanics, Design and Industrial Management, University of Deusto, Avda Universidades 24, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
4
Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal
5
Centre of Molecular Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
6
Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(21), 7436; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217436
Submission received: 21 September 2022 / Revised: 15 October 2022 / Accepted: 19 October 2022 / Published: 23 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Carbon Materials)
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Abstract

Biodegradable scaffolds of poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were prepared by TIPS (thermally induced phase separation). The nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with various cooling rates. The experimental values indicate that nonisothermal crystallization improves with cooling rate, but the increasing rGO concentration delays crystallization at higher temperatures. The activation energies were calculated by the Kissinger equation; the values were very similar for PLCL and for its compounds with rGO. The electrical conductivity measurements show that the addition of rGO leads to a rapid transition from insulating to conductive scaffolds with a percolation value of ≈0.4 w/w. Mechanical compression tests show that the addition of rGO improves the mechanical properties of porous substrates. In addition, it is an anisotropic material, especially at compositions of 1% w/w of rGO. All of the samples with different rGO content up to 1% are cytotoxic for C2C12 myoblast cells.
Keywords: PLCL/rGO; scaffolds; crystallization; electrical properties; mechanical properties; cytotoxicity PLCL/rGO; scaffolds; crystallization; electrical properties; mechanical properties; cytotoxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Díaz, E.; León, J.; Murillo-Marrodán, A.; Ribeiro, S.; Lanceros-Méndez, S. Influence of rGO on the Crystallization Kinetics, Cytoxicity, and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds. Materials 2022, 15, 7436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217436

AMA Style

Díaz E, León J, Murillo-Marrodán A, Ribeiro S, Lanceros-Méndez S. Influence of rGO on the Crystallization Kinetics, Cytoxicity, and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds. Materials. 2022; 15(21):7436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217436

Chicago/Turabian Style

Díaz, Esperanza, Joseba León, Alberto Murillo-Marrodán, Sylvie Ribeiro, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. 2022. "Influence of rGO on the Crystallization Kinetics, Cytoxicity, and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds" Materials 15, no. 21: 7436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217436

APA Style

Díaz, E., León, J., Murillo-Marrodán, A., Ribeiro, S., & Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2022). Influence of rGO on the Crystallization Kinetics, Cytoxicity, and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds. Materials, 15(21), 7436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217436

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