Effect of the Internal Humidity of Concrete on Frost Resistance and Air Void Structure under Different Low Temperature Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Concrete Mix Proportion
2.3. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Concrete Properties and Internal Moisture Content
3.2. Mass Loss and Dynamic Elastic Modulus Change
3.3. Air Void Parameters
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Binder Ratio | Ordinary Portland Cement | Grade I Fly Ash | Natural Sand | Limestone Coarse Aggregate | Water-Reducing Agent (1/100) | Air-Entraining Agent (1/10,000) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.38 | 1 | 0.25 | 2.45 | 4.55 | 0.9 | 5.0 |
Further Curing Condition | Sample Group | ||
---|---|---|---|
Temperature | Relative Humidity | Curing Time | |
20 °C | 90% | 24 h | Group A |
20 °C | 60% | 24 h | Group B |
60 °C | 60% | 24 h | Group C |
Samples | Moisture Content (%) | Freeze Temperature (°C) | Average Diameter (μm) | Spacing Factor (μm) | Specific Surface Area (mm2/mm3) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 0 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 0 | 100 | 200 | 300 | |||
Group A | 15 | −17 | 155 | 169 | 173 | 186 | 178 | 186 | 196 | 214 | 40.4 | 36.4 | 30.3 | 25.4 |
−30 | 178 | 189 | 196 | 193 | 205 | 228 | 34.8 | 26.7 | 23.3 | |||||
−40 | 183 | 197 | 211 | 200 | 213 | 237 | 30.7 | 23.4 | 19.8 | |||||
Group B | 8 | −17 | 156 | 162 | 168 | 175 | 175 | 180 | 186 | 204 | 40.2 | 38.5 | 35.4 | 30.2 |
−30 | 171 | 179 | 186 | 184 | 190 | 211 | 36.7 | 33.5 | 27.5 | |||||
−40 | 178 | 185 | 199 | 189 | 196 | 217 | 33.8 | 31.2 | 24.8 | |||||
Group C | 4 | −17 | 153 | 157 | 161 | 169 | 176 | 179 | 182 | 195 | 40.8 | 39.8 | 37.7 | 33.6 |
−30 | 166 | 170 | 178 | 182 | 187 | 206 | 38.2 | 35.4 | 31.7 | |||||
−40 | 171 | 176 | 183 | 186 | 193 | 212 | 35.7 | 33.2 | 29.4 |
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Ge, X.; Ke, M.; Liu, W.; Wang, H.; Lu, C.; Mei, G.; Yang, H. Effect of the Internal Humidity of Concrete on Frost Resistance and Air Void Structure under Different Low Temperature Conditions. Materials 2022, 15, 5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155225
Ge X, Ke M, Liu W, Wang H, Lu C, Mei G, Yang H. Effect of the Internal Humidity of Concrete on Frost Resistance and Air Void Structure under Different Low Temperature Conditions. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155225
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe, Xueliang, Mingyong Ke, Weibao Liu, Heng Wang, Cairong Lu, Guoxing Mei, and Hu Yang. 2022. "Effect of the Internal Humidity of Concrete on Frost Resistance and Air Void Structure under Different Low Temperature Conditions" Materials 15, no. 15: 5225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155225