The Mechanical Characteristics of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete with Toughening Materials Based on Digital Image Correlation Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Programs
2.1. Raw Materials and Mix Proportions
2.2. Preparation and Curing of Specimens
2.3. Experimental Methods
2.3.1. Mechanical Properties Test
2.3.2. DIC Test
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Failure Pattern
3.2. Mechanical Properties
3.2.1. Strength
3.2.2. The Ratio of Flexural Strength to Compressive Strength (ff/fc)
3.3. Strain and Displacement Evolution
3.3.1. Strain Field
3.3.2. Crack Opening Displacement (COD)
4. Conclusions
- DIC technology could successfully assess the crack expansion path and strain field of high-strength self-compacting concrete under an external load. The incorporation of rubber particles, polymer latex powders, and polyethylene fibers could increase the fracture path and inhibit the macrocrack expansion of high-strength self-compacting concrete. Moreover, the fracture mode of concrete with toughening materials changed from brittleness to ductility.
- The addition of toughening materials, i.e., rubber particles, polymer latex powders, and polyethylene fibers, reduced the compressive and flexural strengths of high-strength self-compacting concrete but enhanced its splitting strength.
- Incorporating toughening materials led to the redistribution of internal strains and the diminishment of stress concentration in high-strength self-compacting concrete under compressive and splitting loads, thus exhibiting a significant effect of inhibiting crack expansion. Meanwhile, the addition of toughening materials increased the ultimate strain under a flexural load, which improved the deformation capacity of the concrete.
- The evolution of crack opening displacement (COD) in high-strength self-compacting concrete could be divided into two stages, including the linear growth stage and the plastic yielding stage. Adding toughening materials could extend the linear growth stage and provide a good energy absorption effect in the plastic yielding stage of high-strength self-compacting concrete.
- The COD and energy absorption capacity of high-strength self-compacting concrete were improved by incorporating toughening materials. The best improvement was observed with the hybrid of rubber particles, polymer latex powders, and polyethylene fibers. This indicates that multiple types of toughening materials could effectively enhance the toughness of high-strength self-compacting concrete.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mass Fraction (%) | LOI | Density (kg/m3) | Specific Surface Area (m2/kg) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | K2O | Na2O | ||||
PC | 20.84 | 3.95 | 3.19 | 59.62 | 3.56 | 3.36 | 0.82 | 0.18 | 1.76 | 3120 | 365 |
FA | 40.72 | 20.94 | 5.24 | 5.52 | 1.36 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 1.09 | 2.1 | 2150 | 405 |
SF | 96.21 | 0.31 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 0.26 | 1.26 | 0.33 | 0.93 | 3.9 | 2100 | 25,100 |
Serials | Mix Proportion (kg/m3) | Fresh Properties | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | FA | SF | W | SP | S | G | A | R | F | Extensibility (mm) | T500 (s) | |
C0 | 365 | 139.5 | 15.5 | 149.7 | 7.8 | 870.4 | 805 | - | - | - | 630 | 4.0 |
CAR | 328.5 | 125.6 | 14.0 | 152 | 7.8 | 783.3 | 805 | 38 | 32 | - | 615 | 4.5 |
CARF | 328.5 | 125.6 | 14.0 | 152 | 8.1 | 783.3 | 805 | 38 | 32 | 3 | 580 | 5.5 |
Specimens | COD (mm) | Peak Load (KN) | Energy Absorption Capacity (S) (N·m−1) |
---|---|---|---|
C0 | 0.0440 | 16.5 | 29.47 |
CAR | 0.0487 | 12.9 | 38.37 |
CARF | 0.0535 | 15.3 | 52.61 |
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Cheng, Z.; Zhao, H.; Long, G.; Yang, K.; Chen, M.; Wu, Z. The Mechanical Characteristics of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete with Toughening Materials Based on Digital Image Correlation Technology. Materials 2023, 16, 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041695
Cheng Z, Zhao H, Long G, Yang K, Chen M, Wu Z. The Mechanical Characteristics of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete with Toughening Materials Based on Digital Image Correlation Technology. Materials. 2023; 16(4):1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041695
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Zhiqing, Hong Zhao, Guangcheng Long, Kai Yang, Mengting Chen, and Zhi Wu. 2023. "The Mechanical Characteristics of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete with Toughening Materials Based on Digital Image Correlation Technology" Materials 16, no. 4: 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041695