Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models

Rammohan, Soundarapandian; Kumaran, Sundaresan Thirumalai; Uthayakumar, Marimuthu; Korniejenko, Kinga; Nykiel, Marek; Velayutham, Arumugam

doi:10.3390/ma15124368

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models

by

Soundarapandian Rammohan

¹,

Sundaresan Thirumalai Kumaran

^2,*

,

Marimuthu Uthayakumar

²,

Kinga Korniejenko

³

,

Marek Nykiel

³

and

Arumugam Velayutham

⁴

¹

Department of Automobile Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India

²

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India

³

Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland

⁴

Former Scientist ‘G’, Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment, Ministry of Defense, Chennai 600054, Tamil Nadu, India

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4368; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124368

Submission received: 8 May 2022 / Revised: 14 June 2022 / Accepted: 20 June 2022 / Published: 20 June 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials Dedicated for Armours and Protection Systems)

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Abstract

Rolled homogeneous armor steel (RHA) with a high tensile strength, toughness, and hardness is often used in military combat vehicles. RHA is a high-strength low alloy steel suitable for all battlefield usage in military vehicles. The present work examines the prediction output responses in the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), and kerf angle (Ka) for the AWJM of armor steel using regression and semi-empirical models. The AWJM trials were performed using an L27 factorial design with each process variable set to three levels, namely, the standoff distance (SOD), jet traversing speed (JT), and jet water pressure (P). A regression model was constructed using the response surface method (RSM) and data from the trials. Through dimensional analysis and with Buckingham’s π-theorem, a semi-empirical model was built using both the experimental data and material property data. Predictions made by the models were proportionate with the results of the experiments under the same conditions. Microscopic investigations on MRR and Ra were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optimal values of the output responses of the machined armor steel plate were obtained with higher MRR = 298.92 mm³/min, lower Ka = 0.651°, and lower Ra = 2.23 µm. The present work established that semi-empirical models accurately predict the output responses in the AWJM of armor steel.

Keywords: abrasive waterjet machining; armor steel; Buckingham π-theorem; regression model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rammohan, S.; Kumaran, S.T.; Uthayakumar, M.; Korniejenko, K.; Nykiel, M.; Velayutham, A. Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models. Materials 2022, 15, 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124368

AMA Style

Rammohan S, Kumaran ST, Uthayakumar M, Korniejenko K, Nykiel M, Velayutham A. Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models. Materials. 2022; 15(12):4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rammohan, Soundarapandian, Sundaresan Thirumalai Kumaran, Marimuthu Uthayakumar, Kinga Korniejenko, Marek Nykiel, and Arumugam Velayutham. 2022. "Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models" Materials 15, no. 12: 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124368

APA Style

Rammohan, S., Kumaran, S. T., Uthayakumar, M., Korniejenko, K., Nykiel, M., & Velayutham, A. (2022). Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models. Materials, 15(12), 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124368

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Prediction of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Parameters of Military-Grade Armor Steel by Semi-Empirical and Regression Models

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