Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Slurry Preparation and Toothbrush Abrasion Test
2.3. Titanium Surface Analysis
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Observation of Abrasives in Toothpaste
3.2. Variations in Titanium Surface Roughness after Brushing with Toothpastes
3.3. Alterations in Titanium Color after Brushing with Toothpastes
3.4. Variations in Titanium Gloss after Brushing with Toothpastes
3.5. Titanium Surface Observations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Products | Manufacturers | Abbreviations | Fluorides | Abrasives | pH | Slurry pH | State |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total 12 h Protection Super Smile | Colgate Cosmetechs | COL SUP | NaF (1450 ppm) MFP (900-999 ppm) | Silicic anhydride Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate | 6.8 7.9 | 7.4 8.3 | Paste Paste |
Etiquette Lion Aa Fluoride-Free Antiplaque &Whitening Toothpaste | Lion Tom’s OF MAINE | ETI TOM | — — | Silicic anhydride Calcium carbonate Silicic anhydride | 6.6 7.8 | 6.8 8.0 | Paste Paste |
Check-up Gel Gel Coat F | Lion Weltec | CHE GEF | NaF (950 ppm) NaF (950 ppm) | — — | 8.2 8.4 | 8.6 8.8 | Gel Gel |
Gel Coat IP Dennovate Implant Teethgel | Weltec Hakusui Trading | GIP DEN | — — | — — | 7.1 6.4 | 7.5 6.8 | Gel Gel |
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Shuto, T.; Mine, Y.; Makihira, S.; Nikawa, H.; Wachi, T.; Kakimoto, K. Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste. Materials 2022, 15, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010051
Shuto T, Mine Y, Makihira S, Nikawa H, Wachi T, Kakimoto K. Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste. Materials. 2022; 15(1):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010051
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuto, Takahiro, Yuichi Mine, Seicho Makihira, Hiroki Nikawa, Takanori Wachi, and Kazutoshi Kakimoto. 2022. "Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste" Materials 15, no. 1: 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010051
APA StyleShuto, T., Mine, Y., Makihira, S., Nikawa, H., Wachi, T., & Kakimoto, K. (2022). Alterations to Titanium Surface Depending on the Fluorides and Abrasives in Toothpaste. Materials, 15(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010051