Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Oxidation of Commercial Carbon Support
2.2. Activation of Biomass
2.3. Fe-N-C Synthesis
2.4. Methods
2.5. Electrochemical Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Properties of the Carbon Supports
3.2. Application of Carbon Supports in Fe-N-C Synthesis
3.3. Impact of Carbon Support on Fe-Nx Site Incorporation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SSA/m2/g | PV/cm3/g | MiPV/cm3/g | MiA m2/g |
---|---|---|---|---|
ox-BP | 1400 | 1.23 | 0.43 | 991 |
Fe-N-ox-BP | 1280 | 1.19 | 0.39 | 902 |
ox-V | 179 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 89 |
Fe-N-ox-V | 172 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 95 |
aPRSKOH | 2015 | 0.80 | 0.79 | 1998 |
Fe-N-aPRSKOH | 863 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 675 |
aRSH3PO4 | 818 | 0.98 | 0.03 | 37 |
Fe-N-aRSH3PO4 | 977 | 0.88 | 0.11 | 214 |
Parameter | Ox-BP | Ox-V | aPRSKOH | aRSH3PO4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Morphology (SEM, Figure 1) | Small C-particles (<100 nm) | Small C-particles (<100 nm) | Large C-particles (≥100 nm) | Large C-particles (≥100 nm) |
Surface area (N2 sorption, Figure 2) | Moderate SA (≥800 m2/g) | Low SA (<800 m2/g) | Moderate SA (≥800 m2/g) | Moderate SA (≥800 m2/g) |
Pore volume (N2 sorption, Table 1) | Moderate PV (≥0.8 cm3/g) | Low PV (<0.8 cm3/g) | Moderate PV (≥0.8 cm3/g) | Moderate PV (≥0.8 cm3/g) |
Porosity (N2 sorption, Table 1) | Micro + Meso | - | Micro | Meso |
Carbon structure (Raman, Figure 3) | Less amorphous (ID3/IG < 0.8) | More amorphous (ID3/IG ≥ 0.8) | More amorphous (ID3/IG ≥ 0.8) | Less amorphous (ID3/IG < 0.8) |
Incorporation of Fe-Nx-sites | Successful | Mainly Fe particle | Mainly Fe3C particle | Successful |
ORR activity of Fe-N-C@ 0.80 VRHE (LSV, Figure 9) | Improved (1.27 A/g) | Low (0.13 A/g) | Low (0.19 A/g) | Improved (1.52 A/g) |
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Hülstede, J.; Schonvogel, D.; Schmies, H.; Wagner, P.; Schröter, F.; Dyck, A.; Wark, M. Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons. Materials 2021, 14, 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010045
Hülstede J, Schonvogel D, Schmies H, Wagner P, Schröter F, Dyck A, Wark M. Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons. Materials. 2021; 14(1):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010045
Chicago/Turabian StyleHülstede, Julia, Dana Schonvogel, Henrike Schmies, Peter Wagner, Frank Schröter, Alexander Dyck, and Michael Wark. 2021. "Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons" Materials 14, no. 1: 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010045