Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chloride Induced Steel Corrosion in Concrete
3. Chloride Binding in Concrete
4. Layered Double Hydroxides
4.1. Preparation Methods
4.2. Ion Exchange Property Of LDH
5. ompatibility of Ldh with Cementitious Environments
5.1. Effect on Mechanical Properties
5.2. Effect of LDH Dosage on Microstructure
5.3. Effect ON Hydration
6. Ion Exchange Property and Self Protection of Concrete
6.1. Chloride Entrapment and Corrosion Performance
6.2. Role of Ldh in Carbonation Control
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
LDH | Layered Double Hydroxide |
CSE | Copper sulphate electrode |
pAB | P-aminobenzoate |
CA | tricalcium aluminate |
CAF | tetracalcium alumino-ferrite |
AFm | aluminate monosulphate |
CSH | calcium silicate hydrate |
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LDH | Cement | Dosage * | Concrete Properties | Age | Year | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Type | CS | FS | ||||
CaAl LDH | CEM 42.5 | 1–5% | +6% (2%LDH) | - | 28d | 2009 | Xu et al. [98] |
MgAl CO | [99] | 1–2% | inconclusive | - | 28, 48d | 2013 | Duan et al. [99] |
MgAl LDH | [82] | 8.5% | ∼−2% | - | 28d | 2014 | Yoon et al. [82] |
MgAl pAB | CEM I 42.5N | 5–10% | −17.2% (10%LDH) | −21.38% (10%LDH) | 28d | 2015 | Yang et al. [100] |
MgAl NO | CEM I 42.5N | 5–10% | −14.2% (10%LDH) | −19.1% (10%LDH) | 28d | 2015 | Yang et al. [100] |
MgAl LDH | [101] | 1% | −25% (28d) | - | 28–178d | 2015 | Xiong et al. [101] |
LiAl LDH | [102] | 1–3% | +25% | - | 7d | 2017 | Haiyan et al. [102] |
CaAl NO | CEM I 52.5R | 0.5–2 Vol. | +17% (1% LDH) | +55% (1%LDH) | 28d | 2018 | Qu et al. [97] |
MgAl CO | CEM I 52.5 | 1–3% | ∼+3.5% (3% LDH) | - | 28d | 2018 | Wu et al. [103] |
MgAl LDH | [104] | 1–2% | +8.2% (1% LDH) | - | 56d | 2018 | Chen et al. [104] |
LiAl LDH | [105] | 0.5–1.5% | +46.2% (1%LDH) | - | 28d | 2019 | Zou et al. [105] |
LDH | Experiments Conducted in | Preparation Method | Dosage | Application | Year / Ref. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | PS | CP | M | C | SS / PS | CP / M / C | ||||
CaAl NO | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | - | 0.2 wt.% | Cl− uptake & Corr. inhibition | 2003/ [133] |
MgAl NO | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | 1 g:10 mL | 1 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2012 / [134] |
MgAl CO | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | - | 1 g:10 mL | 1 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2012 / [134] |
hydrotalcite | ✓ | - | - | - | - | calcination | 8–16 g/80 mL | - | Cl− uptake | 2012 / [93] |
MgAl NO | - | - | - | - | ✓ | - | - | 0.5–3 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2012 / [149] |
MgAl LDH | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | calcination | - | 8.5 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2014/ [82] |
MgAl CO | - | - | ✓ | - | ✓ | - | - | 1–2 wt.% | Cl−/ CO uptake & Pore ref. | 2013 /[99] |
CaAl-pAB | - | ✓ | - | - | - | Ion-exchange | 0.5 g/10 mL | - | Cl− uptake | 2014 / [150] |
CaAl NO | - | ✓ | - | - | - | co-precipitation | 0.5 g/10 mL | - | Cl− uptake | 2014 / [150] |
CaAl NO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | co-precipitation | 1 g/100 mL | 8.5 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2015 / [131] |
MgAl-pAB | - | - | - | ✓ | - | calcination-rehydration [151] | - | 5–10 wt.% | Cl−uptake | 2015 / [100] |
MgAl-NO | - | - | - | ✓ | - | calcination-rehydration [151] | - | 5–10 wt.% | Cl−uptake | 2015 / [100] |
MgAl LDH | - | - | - | ✓ | - | calcination | - | 1 wt.% | Cl− uptake & bond stress | 2015 / [101] |
Strätlingite | - | ✓ | - | - | - | [152] | 0.4 g/40 g | - | Cl−/ CO uptake | 2017 / [83] |
MgAl LDH | - | ✓ | - | - | - | calcination | 0.4 g/40 g | - | Cl−/ CO uptake | 2017 / [83] |
MgAl NO | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | calcination-rehydration | 0.5 g/20 mL | 0–10%(M), 20 wt.%(CP) | Cl−-uptake & Corr. inhibition | 2017/ [145] |
MgAl-pAB | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | calcination-rehydration | 0.5 g/20 mL | 0–10%(M), 20 wt.%(CP) | Cl−-uptake & Corr. inhibition | 2017/ [145] |
CaAl NO | - | - | - | ✓ | - | co-precipitation | - | 0.5–2 vol.% | Cl− uptake | 2018 / [97] |
MgAl CO | - | - | - | - | ✓ | calcination, other [130] | - | 2 wt.% | CO uptake | 2018 / [130] |
MgAl LDH | - | - | - | - | ✓ | calcination, other [132] | - | 2–4 wt.% | CO uptake | 2018/ [132] |
MgAl NO | - | ✓ | - | - | - | Ion-exchange | 1 g/10 mL, 1–2 wt.% | - | Cl-uptake & Corr. inhibition | 2018 / [153] |
MgAl NO | - | ✓ | - | - | - | co-precipitation | 1 g/10 mL, 1–2 wt.% | - | Cl− uptake | 2018 / [153] |
MgAl LDH | - | - | ✓ | - | - | calcination | - | 1–2 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2018/ [104] |
CaAl LDH | ✓ | - | - | - | ✓ | co-precipitation | 50 g/L | 10 wt.% | Cl− uptake | 2019/ [154] |
ZnAl NO/NO | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | co-precipitation | 1 g/50 mL | 2–5 wt.% | Cl− uptake & Corr. inhibition | 2019 / [24,25] |
MgAl CO | - | - | - | - | ✓ | calcination | - | 2 wt.% | CO uptake | 2019 / [61] |
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Mir, Z.M.; Bastos, A.; Höche, D.; Zheludkevich, M.L. Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review. Materials 2020, 13, 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061426
Mir ZM, Bastos A, Höche D, Zheludkevich ML. Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review. Materials. 2020; 13(6):1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061426
Chicago/Turabian StyleMir, Zahid M., Alexandre Bastos, Daniel Höche, and Mikhail L. Zheludkevich. 2020. "Recent Advances on the Application of Layered Double Hydroxides in Concrete—A Review" Materials 13, no. 6: 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061426