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Volume 13
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10.3390/ma13030743
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Article

Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites

by
Erlantz Lizundia
1,2,*,
Ander Reizabal
2,
Carlos M. Costa
3,4,*,
Alberto Maceiras
2 and
Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
2,5
1
Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
2
BC Materials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
3
Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
4
Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
5
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(3), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030743
Submission received: 15 January 2020 / Revised: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 4 February 2020 / Published: 6 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biodegradable and Renewable Polymer-Based Nanohybrids and Applications)
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Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were incorporated into poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to tailor the mechanical and dielectric properties of this electroactive polymer. PVDF/CNC nanocomposites with concentrations up to 15 wt.% were prepared by solvent-casting followed by quick vacuum drying in order to ensure the formation of the electroactive γ-phase. The changes induced by the presence of CNCs on the morphology of PVDF and its crystalline structure, thermal properties, mechanical performance and dielectric behavior are explored. The results suggest a relevant role of the CNC surface −OH groups, which interact with PVDF fluorine atoms. The real dielectric constant ε’ of nanocomposites at 200 Hz was found to increase by 3.6 times up to 47 for the 15 wt.% CNC nanocomposite due to an enhanced ionic conductivity provided by CNCs. The approach reported here in order to boost the formation of the γ-phase of PVDF upon the incorporation of CNCs serves to further develop cellulose-based multifunctional materials.
Keywords: cellulose nanocrystals; nanocomposites; PVDF; electrical properties; mechanical properties cellulose nanocrystals; nanocomposites; PVDF; electrical properties; mechanical properties
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lizundia, E.; Reizabal, A.; Costa, C.M.; Maceiras, A.; Lanceros-Méndez, S. Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites. Materials 2020, 13, 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030743

AMA Style

Lizundia E, Reizabal A, Costa CM, Maceiras A, Lanceros-Méndez S. Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites. Materials. 2020; 13(3):743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030743

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lizundia, Erlantz, Ander Reizabal, Carlos M. Costa, Alberto Maceiras, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. 2020. "Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites" Materials 13, no. 3: 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030743

APA Style

Lizundia, E., Reizabal, A., Costa, C. M., Maceiras, A., & Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2020). Electroactive γ-Phase, Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties and High Ionic Conductivity Response of Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hybrid Nanocomposites. Materials, 13(3), 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030743

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