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Materials
Volume 13
Issue 18
10.3390/ma13184101
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Article

Prediction of Optimum Process Parameters Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning Based on Central Composite Design

by
Mikhael El-Khoury
1,*,
Bogdan Voisiat
1,
Tim Kunze
2 and
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
1,2
1
Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
2
Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(18), 4101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184101
Received: 30 June 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 / Published: 15 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Pulse Laser Machining Technology)
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Abstract

In this study, we report on the optimization of the direct laser interference patterning process by applying the design of experiments approach. The periodic line-like microstructures of a 8.50 µm spatial period were fabricated by a two-beam interference setup with nanosecond laser pulses, varying laser fluence, pulse overlap, and hatch distance. Central composite design with three factors and five levels was implemented to optimize the required number of experiments. The experimental and numerical results show the impact of various structuring process parameters on surface uniformity. The responses measured are the structure height, height error, and waviness of the pattern. An analysis of the microstructures on the patterned surface was conducted by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A 3D-characterization method based on morphological filtering, which allows a holistic view of the surface properties, was applied, and a new qualification scheme for surface microstructures was introduced. Empirical models were also developed and validated for establishing relationships between process parameters and performance criteria. Multi-objective optimization was performed to achieve a minimal value of structure height errors and waviness. View Full-Text
Keywords: nanosecond laser; direct laser interference patterning; design of experiments; central composite design; morphological filtering; surface texture homogeneity; micro structuring; bearing steel nanosecond laser; direct laser interference patterning; design of experiments; central composite design; morphological filtering; surface texture homogeneity; micro structuring; bearing steel
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MDPI and ACS Style

El-Khoury, M.; Voisiat, B.; Kunze, T.; Lasagni, A.F. Prediction of Optimum Process Parameters Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning Based on Central Composite Design. Materials 2020, 13, 4101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184101

AMA Style

El-Khoury M, Voisiat B, Kunze T, Lasagni AF. Prediction of Optimum Process Parameters Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning Based on Central Composite Design. Materials. 2020; 13(18):4101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184101

Chicago/Turabian Style

El-Khoury, Mikhael, Bogdan Voisiat, Tim Kunze, and Andrés F. Lasagni. 2020. "Prediction of Optimum Process Parameters Fabricated by Direct Laser Interference Patterning Based on Central Composite Design" Materials 13, no. 18: 4101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184101

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