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Article

Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties

by
Vincenzo Zaccaria
1,
Emanuele Ugo Garzarella
2,
Carmen Di Giovanni
2,
Fabio Galeotti
3,
Lucia Gisone
1,
Davide Campoccia
4,
Nicola Volpi
3,
Carla Renata Arciola
4,5,* and
Maria Daglia
2,6,*
1
Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2
Department of Pharmacy, Nutraceutical Lab, University of the Naples, Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
3
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41121 Modena, Italy
4
Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
5
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
6
International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2019, 12(22), 3746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223746
Submission received: 15 September 2019 / Revised: 30 October 2019 / Accepted: 6 November 2019 / Published: 13 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Infective Materials)
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Abstract

Antimicrobial activity is a well-known property of propolis, making it a candidate for antimicrobial surfaces in biomedical devices. Nevertheless, large-scale use of propolis as an anti-infective agent is limited by the heterogeneity of its chemical composition and consequent variation in antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that the multi dynamic extraction (M.E.D.) method produces standardized polyphenolic mixtures from poplar-type propolis, with reproducible chemical composition and anti-microbial activity, independently from the chemical composition of the starting raw propolis. Three raw propolis samples, from Europe, America, and Asia, were analyzed for their polyphenol chemical composition by means of HPLC–UV and then combined to obtain three mixtures of propolis, which werme submitted to the M.E.D. extraction method. The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of M.E.D. propolis against bacteria and fungi were determined. The three M.E.D. propolis showed similar chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities, exhibiting no relevant differences against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant strains. The batch-to-batch reproducibility of propolis extracts obtained with the M.E.D. method encourages the design of drugs alternative to traditional antibiotics and the development of anti-infective surface-modified biomaterials.
Keywords: multi dynamic extraction (M.E.D.) method; poplar-type propolis; standardized polyphenolic mixture; antimicrobial activity; antibiotic-resistant bacteria; anti-infective agent; anti-infective biomaterials multi dynamic extraction (M.E.D.) method; poplar-type propolis; standardized polyphenolic mixture; antimicrobial activity; antibiotic-resistant bacteria; anti-infective agent; anti-infective biomaterials

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zaccaria, V.; Garzarella, E.U.; Di Giovanni, C.; Galeotti, F.; Gisone, L.; Campoccia, D.; Volpi, N.; Arciola, C.R.; Daglia, M. Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties. Materials 2019, 12, 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223746

AMA Style

Zaccaria V, Garzarella EU, Di Giovanni C, Galeotti F, Gisone L, Campoccia D, Volpi N, Arciola CR, Daglia M. Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties. Materials. 2019; 12(22):3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaccaria, Vincenzo, Emanuele Ugo Garzarella, Carmen Di Giovanni, Fabio Galeotti, Lucia Gisone, Davide Campoccia, Nicola Volpi, Carla Renata Arciola, and Maria Daglia. 2019. "Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties" Materials 12, no. 22: 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223746

APA Style

Zaccaria, V., Garzarella, E. U., Di Giovanni, C., Galeotti, F., Gisone, L., Campoccia, D., Volpi, N., Arciola, C. R., & Daglia, M. (2019). Multi Dynamic Extraction: An Innovative Method to Obtain a Standardized Chemically and Biologically Reproducible Polyphenol Extract from Poplar-Type Propolis to Be Used for Its Anti-Infective Properties. Materials, 12(22), 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223746

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