Double Crack Damage Identification of Welded Steel Structure Based on LAMB WAVES of S0 Mode
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Basic Theory of Lamb Waves
2.1. Basic Theory of Group Velocity and Phase Velocity
2.2. Dispersion Curve
3. Identification and Imaging of Double Crack Damage Based on the Lamb Waves of the S0 Mode
3.1. Geometric Model for Numerical Simulation
3.2. Excitation Signal
3.3. Mesh Size
3.4. Elliptical Location Method
3.5. Simulation Results
3.6. Experiment on the Identification of Double Crack Damage
4. Damage Identification of Welded Steel Plate Based on S0 Mode
4.1. Numerical Simulation
4.2. Numerical Simulation Results
4.3. Experiment
4.3.1. Experimental Results
4.3.2. Attenuation Analysis of Signal Energy
5. Conclusions
- The damage imaging results of the steel plate with double cracks from numerical simulation and experiments were in good agreement. The damage location shows a high level of accuracy. The mutual verification of finite element method and experiments proved the reliability of the Lamb waves monitoring method.
- When reflected by damages, Lamb waves had amplitude attenuation, which could be reflected in the echo signal. As can be seen from the imaging results of double damages, the differences in the damage length were quite obvious. It was proved that the method is sensitive to the length of damage. This will contribute to research on the length of the structures’ crack in further study.
- When studying damage location in welded steel plates, it is concluded that a part of the Lamb waves would reflect at the weld and would partly pass through the weld. The results of numerical simulation and experiments confirm this inference. The agreement of simulation results and experimental results prove the feasibility of the application of the Lamb wave method in the welded structure.
- By analysing the amplitude and distance of the signal in the welded steel plate, it is concluded that the energy of Lamb wave in the steel plate decreased with the increment of the distance. The welding seam reflected most Lamb waves, and the energy considerably reduced when they passed through the welding seam during the propagation process.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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E (GPa) | ν | ρ (kg/m3) | d (mm) | cL (m/s) | cT (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
206 | 0.25 | 7800 | 4 | 5856 | 3130 |
Transducer | Coordinate (mm) | Transducer | Coordinate (mm) | Transducer | Coordinate (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PZT1 | (0,160) | PZT4 | (−160,0) | PZT7 | (−80,−80) |
PZT1’ | (0,160) | PZT4’ | (−160,0) | PZT7’ | (−80,−80) |
PZT2 | (−80,80) | PZT5 | (0,0) | PZT8 | (80,−80) |
PZT2’ | (−80,80) | PZT5’ | (0,0) | PZT8’ | (80,−80) |
PZT3 | (80,80) | PZT6 | (160,0) | PZT9 | (0,−160) |
PZT3’ | (−80,80) | PZT6’ | (160,0) | PZT9’ | (0,−160) |
Transducer (Left Side) | Coordinate (mm) (x,y) | Transducer (Left Side) | Coordinate (mm) (x,y) | Transducer (Right Side) | Coordinate (mm) (x’,y’) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PZT1 | (0,50) | PZT3’ | (0,0) | PZT6 | (0,50) |
PZT1’ | (0,50) | PZT4 | (100,0) | PZT7 | (−100,0) |
PZT2 | (−100,0) | PZT4’ | (100,0) | PZT8 | (0,0) |
PZT2’ | (−100,0) | PZT5 | (0,−50) | PZT9 | (100,0) |
PZT3 | (0,0) | PZT5’ | (0,−50) | PZT10 | (0,−50) |
Propagation Path | Distance (mm) | Voltage (V) ×10−3 | Propagation Path | Distance (mm) | Voltage (V) ×10−3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PZT1–PZT2 | 112 | 4.014 | PZT1–PZT7 | 380 | 0.210 |
PZT1–PZT3 | 50 | 6.565 | PZT1–PZT8 | 350 | 0.305 |
PZT1–PZT4 | 112 | 3.210 | PZT1–PZT9 | 380 | 0.242 |
PZT1–PZT5 | 100 | 6.112 | PZT1–PZT10 | 300 | 0.672 |
PZT1–PZT6 | 400 | 0.198 |
Propagation Path | Distance (mm) | Displacement (mm) ×10−9 | Propagation Path | Distance (mm) | Displacement (mm) ×10−9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PZT1–PZT2 | 112 | 1.076 | PZT1–PZT7 | 380 | 0.2608 |
PZT1–PZT3 | 50 | 4.642 | PZT1–PZT8 | 350 | 0.3105 |
PZT1–PZT4 | 112 | 1.078 | PZT1–PZT9 | 380 | 0.2819 |
PZT1–PZT5 | 100 | 2.679 | PZT1–PZT10 | 300 | 0.4221 |
PZT1–PZT6 | 400 | 0.2283 |
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Hu, M.; Sun, X.; He, J.; Zhan, Y. Double Crack Damage Identification of Welded Steel Structure Based on LAMB WAVES of S0 Mode. Materials 2019, 12, 1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111800
Hu M, Sun X, He J, Zhan Y. Double Crack Damage Identification of Welded Steel Structure Based on LAMB WAVES of S0 Mode. Materials. 2019; 12(11):1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111800
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Muping, Xiaodan Sun, Jian He, and Yangyang Zhan. 2019. "Double Crack Damage Identification of Welded Steel Structure Based on LAMB WAVES of S0 Mode" Materials 12, no. 11: 1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111800