One-Shot Drilling Analysis of Stack CFRP/UNS A92024 Bonding by Adhesive
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Surface Quality
3.2. Diameters
3.3. Adhesive
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DC (mm) | LU (mm) | DCON (mm) | SIG (°) | PL (mm) | OAL (mm) | LF (mm) | LCF (mm) | Helix Angle (°) | Material |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.92 | 25.00 | 8.00 | 118.00 140.00 | 1.20 | 80.00 | 78.80 | 30.00 | 29.82 | Carbidre Substrate Uncoated |
Orientation (°) | Reinforcement | Matrix | Tensile Strength (MPa) | ILSS (MPa) | Tg (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0/90 | DowAksa A42 carbon fiber 49 Vol % | Epoxy DOW Voraforce 5300 51 Vol % | 871 | 52 | 121 |
Composition | Density (g/cc) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (Mpa) | Yield Tensile Strength (Mpa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al 90.7–94.7%, Cu 3.8–4.9%, Mg 1.2–1.8%, Mn 0.30–0.90%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, other 0.15% | 2.78 | 425 | 310 | ≥10 | 73.1 |
Polymerization | Operating Temperature (°C) | Tg (°C) | Elongation at Break (%) | Fixture Time (min) | Full Cure (h) | Lap Shear Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength at Break (MPa) | Tensile Modulus (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Room Temp. | −40/150 | 86 | 50 | 120 | 24 | 16 | 8–10 | 180 |
Trial | S (m/min) | f (mm/min) | Holes Machined 1 | Lubrication |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 85 | 200 | 20 | Dry |
2 | 85 | 250 | 20 | Dry |
3 | 85 | 300 | 20 | Dry |
4 | 115 | 200 | 20 | Dry |
5 | 115 | 250 | 20 | Dry |
6 | 115 | 300 | 20 | Dry |
7 | 145 | 200 | 20 | Dry |
8 | 145 | 250 | 20 | Dry |
9 | 145 | 300 | 20 | Dry |
Trial | Hole | Ø [mm (±µm)] | Ra [µm (±µm)] | Depth [µm (±µm)] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFRP | Al | CFRP | Al | Adhesive | ||
1 | 1 | 8.031 (±0.816) | 8.042 (±0.408) | 1.38 (±0.033) | 1.62 (±0.065) | 42.584 (±0.781) |
10 | 7.998 (±1.225) | 8.050 (±0.816) | 7.32 (±0.033) | 6.23 (±0.041) | 27.136 (±0.887) | |
20 | 7.998 (±0.408) | 8.060 (±0.002) | 7.47 (±0.024) | 12.22 (±0.139) | 44.910 (±0.678) | |
2 | 1 | 8.026 (±0.816) | 8.022 (±1.633) | 1.18 (±0.065) | 2.71 (±0.163) | 24.730 (±0.906) |
10 | 8.036 (±2.041) | 8.052 (±1.225) | 4.43 (±0.065) | 7.35 (±0.163) | 33.924 (±0.746) | |
20 | 8.057 (±0.408) | 8.031 (±0.408) | 2.90 (±0.098) | 4.53 (±0.122) | 23.937 (±0.737) | |
3 | 1 | 8.052 (±0.408) | 8.062 (±1.225) | 2.92 (±0.049) | 3.20 (±0.114) | 21.322 (±0.431) |
10 | 8.079 (±0.816) | 8.066 (±1.225) | 4.82 (±0.057) | 5.40 (±0.220) | 29.644 (±0.707) | |
20 | 7.997 (±1.225) | 8.052 (±1.225) | 3.72 (±0.147) | 4.97 (±0.147) | 10.351 (±0.687) | |
4 | 1 | 8.077 (±1.225) | 8.055 (±1.225) | 1.20 (±0.122) | 3.58 (±0.147) | 53.363 (±0.296) |
10 | 8.091 (±0.408) | 8.071 (±0.816) | 5.53 (±0.008) | 3.57 (±0.204) | 35.714 (±0.485) | |
20 | 8.062 (±1.225) | 8.064 (±1.633) | 4.06 (±0.147) | 3.68 (±0.131) | 47.633 (±0.892) | |
1 | 8.095 (±2.449) | 8.082 (±1.633) | 3.23 (±0.016) | 4.82 (±0.057) | 54.542 (±0.532) | |
5 | 10 | 8.059 (±0.408) | 8.079 (±0.816) | 3.71 (±0.114) | 6.06 (±0.122) | 59.167 (±0.558) |
20 | 8.059 (±1.289) | 8.081 (±0.816) | 4.21 (±0.041) | 7.98 (±0.090) | 51.512 (±0.401) | |
1 | 8.100 (±1.633) | 8.054 (±2.449) | 1.57 (±0.024) | 4.04 (±0.073) | 39.640 (±0.719) | |
6 | 10 | 8.091 (±0.816) | 8.071 (±0.408) | 3.96 (±0.220) | 5.28 (±0.139) | 66.190 (±0.441) |
20 | 8.064 (±0.816) | 8.079 (±0.816) | 5.25 (±0.106) | 6.66 (±0.033) | 30.546 (±0.552) | |
7 | 1 | 8.062 (±1.225) | 8.037 (±0.408) | 1.84 (±0.090) | 2.28 (±0.049) | 70.171 (±0.474) |
10 | 8.043 (±0.816) | 8.041 (±0.816) | 2.81 (±0.057) | 2.38 (±0.163) | 62.413 (±0.550) | |
20 | 8.040 (±1.633) | 8.023 (±0.408) | 2.67 (±0.155) | 2.58 (±0.090) | 50.236 (±0.575) | |
8 | 1 | 7.997 (±1.225) | 7.994 (±1.225) | 1.50 (±0.016) | 5.12 (±0.090) | 78.464 (±0.495) |
10 | 7.992 (±1.633) | 8.020 (±2.449) | 4.61 (±0.024) | 6.15 (±0.139) | 82.222 (±0.603) | |
20 | 7.998 (±0.408) | 8.021 (±0.816) | 3.61 (±0.180) | 6.19 (±0.057) | 72.189 (±0.612) | |
9 | 1 | 8.041 (±0.408) | 8.006 (±1.633) | 1.59 (±0.016) | 6.09 (±0.171) | 61.680 (±0.457) |
10 | 8.043 (±0.816) | 8.035 (±1.225) | 1.82 (±0.057) | 5.76 (±0.163) | 108.765 (±0.257) | |
20 | 8.040 (±1.225) | 8.030 (±0.408) | 6.08 (±0.106) | 6.94 (±0.057) | 80.120 (±0.596) |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFRP | |||||
S (m/min) | 1 | 5.1554 | 5.1554 | 2.65 | 0.122 |
f (mm/min) | 1 | 0.3655 | 0.3655 | 0.19 | 0.670 |
Drills | 1 | 30.8374 | 30.8374 | 15.88 | 0.001 |
Error | 17 | 33.0218 | 1.9425 | ||
Total | 26 | 83.1892 | |||
UNS A92024 | |||||
S (m/min) | 1 | 1.416 | 1.4164 | 0.53 | 0.478 |
f (mm/min) | 1 | 5.606 | 5.6057 | 2.08 | 0.167 |
Drills | 1 | 27.602 | 27.6024 | 10.26 | 0.005 |
Error | 17 | 45.741 | 2.6906 | ||
Total | 26 | 127.240 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFRP | |||||
S (m/min) | 01 | 0.002912 | 0.002912 | 17.56 | 0.001 |
f (mm/min) | 01 | 0.000008 | 0.000008 | 0.05 | 0.834 |
Drills | 01 | 0.000425 | 0.000425 | 2.57 | 0.128 |
Error | 17 | 0.002818 | 0.000166 | ||
Total | 26 | 0.014807 | |||
UNS A92024 | |||||
S (m/min) | 01 | 0.000017 | 0.000017 | 0.03 | 0.863 |
f (mm/min) | 01 | 0.000616 | 0.000616 | 1.11 | 0.307 |
Drills | 01 | 0.001531 | 0.001531 | 2.76 | 0.115 |
Error | 17 | 0.009441 | 0.000555 | ||
Total | 26 | 0.028340 |
Source | DF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADHESIVE | |||||
Model | 9 | 11168.5 | 1240.94 | 9.22 | 0.000 |
S (m/min) | 1 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 0.12 | 0.730 |
f (mm/min | 1 | 68.1 | 68.06 | 0.51 | 0.487 |
Drills | 1 | 9235.4 | 9235.4 | 68.60 | 0.000 |
S (m/min) *Drills | 1 | 1225.5 | 1225.47 | 9.10 | 0.008 |
Error | 17 | 2288.6 | 134.62 | ||
Total | 26 | 13457.1 |
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Bañon, F.; Sambruno, A.; Fernandez-Vidal, S.; Fernandez-Vidal, S.R. One-Shot Drilling Analysis of Stack CFRP/UNS A92024 Bonding by Adhesive. Materials 2019, 12, 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010160
Bañon F, Sambruno A, Fernandez-Vidal S, Fernandez-Vidal SR. One-Shot Drilling Analysis of Stack CFRP/UNS A92024 Bonding by Adhesive. Materials. 2019; 12(1):160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010160
Chicago/Turabian StyleBañon, Fermin, Alejandro Sambruno, Sergio Fernandez-Vidal, and Severo Raul Fernandez-Vidal. 2019. "One-Shot Drilling Analysis of Stack CFRP/UNS A92024 Bonding by Adhesive" Materials 12, no. 1: 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010160
APA StyleBañon, F., Sambruno, A., Fernandez-Vidal, S., & Fernandez-Vidal, S. R. (2019). One-Shot Drilling Analysis of Stack CFRP/UNS A92024 Bonding by Adhesive. Materials, 12(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12010160