Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Preparation of the Blends
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
2.3. Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
2.4. Thermal Characterization
2.4.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.4.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.5. Mechanical Properties
2.6. Exposition to Composting Medium
2.7. Other Techniques
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Miscibility
3.2. Detection of Biodegradable Materials in the Recycled PP Using the FTIR Technique
3.3. Thermal Characterization
3.3.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.3.2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3.4. Thermomechanical Characterization
3.5. Mechanical Characterization
3.6. Desintegration under Composting Medium
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | PP1B (wt.%) | PLA (wt.%) | PHB (wt.%) | TPS (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PP | 100.0 | - | - | - |
PP-2.5%PLA | 97.5 | 2.5 | - | - |
PP-5%PLA | 95.0 | 5.0 | - | - |
PP-7.5%PLA | 92.5 | 7.5 | - | - |
PP-10%PLA | 90.0 | 10.0 | - | - |
PP-15%PLA | 85.0 | 15.0 | - | - |
PP-2.5%PHB | 97.5 | - | 2.5 | - |
PP-5%PHB | 95.0 | - | 5.0 | - |
PP-7.5%PHB | 92.5 | - | 7.5 | - |
PP-10%PHB | 90.0 | - | 10.0 | - |
PP-15%PHB | 85.0 | - | 15.0 | - |
PP-2.5%TPS | 97.5 | - | - | 2.5 |
PP-5%TPS | 95.0 | - | - | 5.0 |
PP-2.5%TPS | 92.5 | - | - | 7.5 |
PP-10%TPS | 90.0 | - | - | 10.0 |
PP-15%TPS | 85.0 | - | - | 15.0 |
Polymer | Structure | Calculated Small δ(cal)(MPa1/2) | Available Date δ(cal)(MPa1/2) [42] |
---|---|---|---|
PP | 16.4 | 15.5–17.5 | |
PLA | 19.5 | 19.2–21.1 | |
TPS | 8.4 | - | |
PHB | 21.4 | 19.2 |
Group | F ((cal·cm−3)1/2 mol−1) |
---|---|
–CH3 | 214 |
–CH2– | 133 |
–CH< | 28 |
>C< | -93 |
–OH | 83 |
–O– | 70 |
–H (variable) | 80–100 |
>C=O | 275 |
Sample | Tc (°C) | ΔHc (J·g−1) | Tm (°C) | ΔHm (J·g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PP | 124.5 | 85.5 | 164.1 | 66.0 |
PP-5%TPS | 121.1 | 89.0 | 164.0 | 66.4 |
PP-10%TPS | 120.5 | 77.4 | 164.0 | 57.3 |
PP-15%TPS | 120.8 | 67.5 | 163.7 | 49.3 |
PP-5%PHB | 120.9 | 80.5 | 163.9 | 62.8 |
PP-10%PHB | 120.8 | 71.0 | 164.3 | 65.1 |
PP-15%PHB | 120.8 | 69.2 | 165.1 | 58.1 |
PP-5%PLA | 121.6 | 80.2 | 163.4 | 56.9 |
PP-10%PLA | 121.5 | 80.4 | 163.6 | 62.0 |
PP-15%PLA | 120.9 | 70.3 | 165.1 | 53.5 |
Sample | Elongation at Break (%) | Standard Desviation (%) |
---|---|---|
PP | 4.87 | 0.61 |
PP-5%PLA | 4.11 | 1.84 |
PP-15%PLA | 3.29 | 1.26 |
PP-5%PHB | 3.09 | 1.39 |
PP-15%PHB | 3.54 | 1.78 |
PP-5%TPS | 2.26 | 0.33 |
PP-15%TPS | 5.68 | 1.5 |
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Samper, M.D.; Bertomeu, D.; Arrieta, M.P.; Ferri, J.M.; López-Martínez, J. Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process. Materials 2018, 11, 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101886
Samper MD, Bertomeu D, Arrieta MP, Ferri JM, López-Martínez J. Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process. Materials. 2018; 11(10):1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101886
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamper, María Dolores, David Bertomeu, Marina Patricia Arrieta, José Miguel Ferri, and Juan López-Martínez. 2018. "Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process" Materials 11, no. 10: 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101886