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Energies
Volume 19
Issue 8
10.3390/en19081996
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Article

Analysis and Modeling of Physical Evolution Mechanism for High-Resistance to Low-Resistance Grounding Faults in 10 kV Cable Joints

by
Yifeng Zhao
1,2,
Yanqi Zeng
2,*,
Ran Hu
3,
Luliang Zhang
2,
Gang Liu
2,*,
Yihua Qian
1 and
Zhi Li
1
1
Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China
2
School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
3
Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518001, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1996; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081996
Submission received: 19 March 2026 / Revised: 14 April 2026 / Accepted: 17 April 2026 / Published: 21 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Section F6: High Voltage)
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Abstract

Currently, the lack of analysis and applicable circuit models for the evolution of cable joint faults is responsible for explosions or fire accidents in the distribution network system. In this paper, the modeling of high-resistance to low-resistance grounding faults for 10 kV cable joints is investigated. Firstly, the physical evolution from high-resistance to low-resistance grounding faults in 10 kV cable joints is analyzed. Secondly, the common discharge characteristics under different evolution stages are extracted by simulation experiments and fault-recording data. Thirdly, an interface breakdown circuit model and a radial breakdown circuit model are established to quantitatively describe the high-resistance to low-resistance grounding faults of cable joints. Fourthly, the corresponding arc resistance models are proposed, and the controlled parameter values of the models under different evolution stages are given. Finally, the fault identification control model is implemented for relay protection. This paper provides theoretical and modeling support for the fault identification of 10 kV cable joints, filling the knowledge gap of this critical fault type in relay protection.
Keywords: arc model; cable joint; distribution network; high-resistance grounding fault; low-resistance grounding fault arc model; cable joint; distribution network; high-resistance grounding fault; low-resistance grounding fault

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, Y.; Zeng, Y.; Hu, R.; Zhang, L.; Liu, G.; Qian, Y.; Li, Z. Analysis and Modeling of Physical Evolution Mechanism for High-Resistance to Low-Resistance Grounding Faults in 10 kV Cable Joints. Energies 2026, 19, 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081996

AMA Style

Zhao Y, Zeng Y, Hu R, Zhang L, Liu G, Qian Y, Li Z. Analysis and Modeling of Physical Evolution Mechanism for High-Resistance to Low-Resistance Grounding Faults in 10 kV Cable Joints. Energies. 2026; 19(8):1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081996

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Yifeng, Yanqi Zeng, Ran Hu, Luliang Zhang, Gang Liu, Yihua Qian, and Zhi Li. 2026. "Analysis and Modeling of Physical Evolution Mechanism for High-Resistance to Low-Resistance Grounding Faults in 10 kV Cable Joints" Energies 19, no. 8: 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081996

APA Style

Zhao, Y., Zeng, Y., Hu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, G., Qian, Y., & Li, Z. (2026). Analysis and Modeling of Physical Evolution Mechanism for High-Resistance to Low-Resistance Grounding Faults in 10 kV Cable Joints. Energies, 19(8), 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081996

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