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Energies
Volume 19
Issue 18
10.3390/en19184451
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Article

Development of a Portable Relay Protection Verification Device Based on LoRa Communication

by
Jun Kong
1,
Zhenzhe Zhang
1,
Kaixin Gu
1,
Baitao Zhang
1,
Weiwei Wang
1,
Luyao Wang
1,
Longjiang Dou
2 and
Donghui Yang
2,*
1
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210009, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(18), 4451; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19184451 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 August 2026 / Revised: 15 September 2026 / Accepted: 17 September 2026 / Published: 20 September 2026
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
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Abstract

To address the severe physical wear of actual circuit breakers, limited logic verification under complex operating conditions, and maintenance scheduling conflicts during operational testing in power systems, this paper presents a portable auxiliary verification device for relay protection based on LoRa spread-spectrum technology. The device adopts a distributed modular architecture consisting of a master unit and multiple slave units, with STM32 MCU and LoRa communication serving as the hardware core. Circuit breaker simulator logic circuits are employed to replace the physical operation of actual high-voltage circuit breakers during testing. A dedicated software platform provides system management, real-time online monitoring, and historical data query and export functions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed device can accurately reproduce the state information of multiple circuit breakers, enabling complex logic verification, including automatic bus transfer (ABT) and busbar protection, without de-energizing primary equipment. Consequently, routine substation maintenance efficiency is significantly improved while operational risks are effectively reduced.
Keywords: relay protection; circuit breaker simulator; auxiliary verification device; LoRa spread-spectrum communication relay protection; circuit breaker simulator; auxiliary verification device; LoRa spread-spectrum communication

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kong, J.; Zhang, Z.; Gu, K.; Zhang, B.; Wang, W.; Wang, L.; Dou, L.; Yang, D. Development of a Portable Relay Protection Verification Device Based on LoRa Communication. Energies 2026, 19, 4451. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19184451

AMA Style

Kong J, Zhang Z, Gu K, Zhang B, Wang W, Wang L, Dou L, Yang D. Development of a Portable Relay Protection Verification Device Based on LoRa Communication. Energies. 2026; 19(18):4451. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19184451

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kong, Jun, Zhenzhe Zhang, Kaixin Gu, Baitao Zhang, Weiwei Wang, Luyao Wang, Longjiang Dou, and Donghui Yang. 2026. "Development of a Portable Relay Protection Verification Device Based on LoRa Communication" Energies 19, no. 18: 4451. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19184451

APA Style

Kong, J., Zhang, Z., Gu, K., Zhang, B., Wang, W., Wang, L., Dou, L., & Yang, D. (2026). Development of a Portable Relay Protection Verification Device Based on LoRa Communication. Energies, 19(18), 4451. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19184451

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