Modeling and Testing of 3D Wound Core Loss of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Photovoltaic Inverter
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Core Loss Characteristics Under Sinusoidal Excitation Low-Voltage Side Winding Model
2.1. Core Loss Characteristics Under Sinusoidal Excitation
2.2. Loss Separation Method for Single-Frame Amorphous Alloy Iron Core
2.3. Construction of Finite Element Simulation
3. Core Loss Characteristics Under Non-Sinusoidal Excitation
4. Core Rotational Magnetization
5. Conclusions
- Using the Brockhaus magnetic characteristic experimental measurement platform, we obtained the magnetization and loss characteristics of the amorphous alloy core under sinusoidal excitations at different frequencies. Results show that as frequency increases, the B-H curve slope decreases, and loss increases at the same magnetic flux density.
- Our proposed loss separation model for transformer cores can effectively separate hysteresis, eddy current, and residual losses after parameter fitting via the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm. Separated losses at different frequencies were obtained. The eddy current loss of the amorphous alloy is relatively small, while the hysteresis loss grows exponentially with the magnetic flux density peak.
- In an inter-harmonic environment, inter-harmonic components increase the transformer’s peak magnetic flux density, worsen saturation, and cause a large loss increase, hindering normal operation. Notably, core loss under inter-harmonic excitation is much greater than under sinusoidal excitation.
- In transformer cores, rotational and alternating magnetization occur. Analyzing the magnetization curves of characteristic points on different sections of the amorphous 3D wound core reveals that although the magnetic flux density at each point is sinusoidal, the radial and tangential magnetic flux density distributions are non-uniform. Their variation patterns differ across sections and from the outer to inner frame, and the influence extents of the two magnetization types on characteristic points also vary. This means that considering only alternating magnetization in core loss calculation increases error, and rotational magnetization of the amorphous core should be considered.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3D | three-dimensional wound core |
J-A | Josephson–Anderson |
PWM | pulse width modulation |
B | magnetic induction |
H | magnetic field strength |
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Rated capacity (kV) | 10 × (1 ± 5%)/0.4 |
Capacity (kVA) | 50 |
Connection mode | Dyn11 |
Core radius (mm) | 80.0 |
Number of turns in primary side winding | 30 |
Number of turns of secondary side winding | 15 |
Low-voltage winding radius (mm) | 208/173 |
High-voltage winding radius (mm) | 288/218 |
Short-circuit impedance (%) | 4.26 |
Sinusoidal Core | Parameter | Sinusoidal Core | Parameter |
---|---|---|---|
Kh | 0.045 | α2 | −6.114 |
β1 | 0.547 | α3 | 0.421 |
β2 | 6.221 | α4 | 2.054 |
β3 | −11.151 | α5 | −2.247 |
β4 | 6.124 | α6 | 4.698 |
α1 | 9.012 | − | − |
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Chen, P.; Han, J.; Yao, X.; Wang, X.; Yan, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhang, L.; Yu, Z.; Li, H. Modeling and Testing of 3D Wound Core Loss of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Photovoltaic Inverter. Energies 2025, 18, 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112698
Chen P, Han J, Yao X, Wang X, Yan Y, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yu Z, Li H. Modeling and Testing of 3D Wound Core Loss of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Photovoltaic Inverter. Energies. 2025; 18(11):2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112698
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Peng, Jianwei Han, Xinglong Yao, Xiaohui Wang, Yunfei Yan, Zhe Zhao, Lisong Zhang, Zhanyang Yu, and Hao Li. 2025. "Modeling and Testing of 3D Wound Core Loss of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Photovoltaic Inverter" Energies 18, no. 11: 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112698
APA StyleChen, P., Han, J., Yao, X., Wang, X., Yan, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., & Li, H. (2025). Modeling and Testing of 3D Wound Core Loss of Amorphous Alloy Transformer for Photovoltaic Inverter. Energies, 18(11), 2698. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112698