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Volume 18
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Review

Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers

by
Lin Lin
1,*,
Chengdan Qiang
1,
Hui Zhang
1,*,
Qingguo Chen
1,
Zhen An
2 and
Weijie Xu
1
1
Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
2
Wujiang Transformer Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215222, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074
Submission received: 30 November 2024 / Revised: 20 December 2024 / Accepted: 25 December 2024 / Published: 28 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
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Abstract

Oil-immersed transformers are the core equipment of power systems for energy transfer. The thermal characteristic of a transformer immediately affects its operational reliability and service life. Therefore, analyzing the hot spot temperature of transformers is highly important. Currently, researchers worldwide have achieved substantial research results in this field. This paper reviews the research status of the transformer hot spot temperature. First, the calculation method of transformer loss, the forms of heat transfer and its calculation method, the characteristics of the cooling method, and its application occasions are summarized. Second, the methods used to research the transformer hot spot temperature are presented in detail. From the perspective of transformer heat production and heat dissipation, research results on the factors influencing transformer hot spot temperature are summarized. Last, the research direction of the transformer hot spot temperature is indicated.
Keywords: transformer; hot spot temperature; loss calculation; heat transfer forms; cooling method transformer; hot spot temperature; loss calculation; heat transfer forms; cooling method

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, L.; Qiang, C.; Zhang, H.; Chen, Q.; An, Z.; Xu, W. Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers. Energies 2025, 18, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074

AMA Style

Lin L, Qiang C, Zhang H, Chen Q, An Z, Xu W. Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers. Energies. 2025; 18(1):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Lin, Chengdan Qiang, Hui Zhang, Qingguo Chen, Zhen An, and Weijie Xu. 2025. "Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers" Energies 18, no. 1: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074

APA Style

Lin, L., Qiang, C., Zhang, H., Chen, Q., An, Z., & Xu, W. (2025). Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers. Energies, 18(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074

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