PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks by Combining Customer Voltage Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Assessment of the reliability of an LV power distribution network for different PV penetration levels and locations along an LV feeder.
- (b)
- Assessment of the frequency of occurrences and duration times when the beneficial impacts from the PV hosting capacity in the distribution network start to diminish.
- (c)
- A critical review of the existing reliability and power quality indices and using them as a basis for the creation and definition of novel system performance indicators.
- (d)
2. Methodology
2.1. Modelling of the LV Feeder
2.2. Modelling of PV Penetration Levels
2.3. Voltage Analysis
- I.
- A heavily loaded MV supply network;
- II.
- A normally loaded MV supply network;
- III.
- A lightly loaded MV supply network.
2.4. Voltage-Based Reliability Assessment
2.5. Impact of On-Load Tap Changers
3. Results
3.1. Conventional Reliability Assessment
3.2. Voltage-Based Reliability Assessment
3.3. Voltage Variations at Different PV Locations and Penetration Levels
3.4. Impact on the Voltages at the Feeder Terminal Bus
3.5. Effect of the On-Load Tap Changer
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | PV Penetration | MV Supply Network | |
---|---|---|---|
S-1(a) | Base case; no PV connected | Normal loading | |
S-1(b) | 50% PV penetration | ||
S-1(c) | 100% PV penetration | ||
S-2(a) | Base case; no PV connected | Heavy loading | |
S-2(b) | 50% PV penetration | ||
S-2(c) | 100% PV penetration | ||
S-3(a) | Base case; no PV connected | Light loading | |
S-3(b) | 50% PV penetration | ||
S-3(c) | 100% PV penetration |
Reliability Index | Unit | Result |
---|---|---|
SAIFI | Interruptions/customer/year | 0.60 |
SAIDI | Hours/customer/year | 18.10 |
CAIDI | Hours/interrupted customer/year | 20.99 |
ENS | kWh/customer/year | 386.64 |
Normally Loaded Network S-1 | Heavily Loaded Network S-2 | Lightly Loaded Network S-3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% change from base case | % change from the base case | ||||
SARFI (interruptions/customer/year) | |||||
Base case (No PV) | 86.57 | 622.37 | 0 | ||
50% PV | 46.79 | −45.95% | 587.27 | −5.64% | 14.03 |
100% PV | 35.09 | −59.46% | 498.36 | −19.92% | 49.13 |
SARDI (hours/customer/year) | |||||
Base case (No PV) | 43.29 | 311.18 | 0 | ||
50% PV | 23.39 | −45.95% | 293.63 | −5.64% | 7.02 |
100% PV | 17.54 | −59.46% | 249.18 | −19.92% | 24.56 |
CARFI (interruptions/affected customer/year) | |||||
Base case (No PV) | 217.82 | 890.73 | 0 | ||
50% PV | 165.90 | −23.83% | 840.50 | −5.64% | 104.28 |
100% PV | 124.43 | −42.87% | 713.25 | −19.92% | 174.20 |
CARDI (hours/interrupted customer/year) | |||||
Base case (No PV) | 108.91 | 445.36 | 0 | ||
50% PV | 82.95 | −23.83% | 420.25 | −5.64% | 52.14 |
100% PV | 62.21 | −42.87% | 356.62 | −19.92% | 87.10 |
ENS (kWh/customer/year) | |||||
Base case | 788 | 5232 | 0 | ||
50% PV | 436.00 | −44.67% | 5008.00 | −4.28% | 126.00 |
100% PV | 327.00 | −58.50% | 4205.00 | −19.63% | 452.00 |
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Kisuule, M.; Ndawula, M.B.; Gu, C.; Hernando-Gil, I. PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks by Combining Customer Voltage Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis. Energies 2023, 16, 5893. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165893
Kisuule M, Ndawula MB, Gu C, Hernando-Gil I. PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks by Combining Customer Voltage Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis. Energies. 2023; 16(16):5893. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165893
Chicago/Turabian StyleKisuule, Mikka, Mike Brian Ndawula, Chenghong Gu, and Ignacio Hernando-Gil. 2023. "PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks by Combining Customer Voltage Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis" Energies 16, no. 16: 5893. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165893
APA StyleKisuule, M., Ndawula, M. B., Gu, C., & Hernando-Gil, I. (2023). PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks by Combining Customer Voltage Sensitivity and Reliability Analysis. Energies, 16(16), 5893. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165893