Production and Assessment of New Biofuels from Waste Cooking Oils as Sustainable Bioenergy Sources

In this study, renewable and sustainable biofuel production from waste cooking oil and its blends with diesel fuel are investigated in terms of specific fuel properties. The fuel blends are named “Renewable Biofuel (RBF) 20” (20% biofuel–80% diesel), “Renewable Biofuel 50” (50% biofuel–50% diesel), and “Renewable Biofuel 100” (100% biofuel). The acid number, flash point, viscosity, cloud point, density, and pour point fuel properties of the new Renewable Biofuels are experimentally obtained and compared with diesel fuel. The viscosities of the biofuels are found to be 2.774 mm²/s for Renewable Biofuel 20, 3.091 mm²/s for Renewable Biofuel 50, and 4.540 mm²/s for Renewable Biofuel 100. Renewable Biofuel 20 has the minimum density value among biofuels. The density of Renewable Biofuel 20, Renewable Biofuel 50, and Renewable Biofuel 100 are obtained as 835 kg/m³, 846 kg/m³, and 884 kg/m³, respectively. More energy can be released with the use of Renewable Biofuel 100 in terms of heating value. The new fuel specification of biofuels can contribute to the fuel industry and help the studies on fuels for diesel engines.