Organic Farming Support Policy in a Sustainable Development Context: A Polish Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background: Organic Farming in Poland
3. Method and Materials
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Option Name | Payment Rates (PLN per Hectare) | |
---|---|---|
During the Conversion Period (1–2 Years) | After the Conversion Period (3–5 Years) | |
Agricultural crops | 680 | 600 |
Permanent grasslands | 330 | 260 |
Vegetable crops | 980 | 940 |
Fruit crops and berries | 1800 | 1540 |
Options/Packages | Area Covered by Support | Amount of Support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (ha) | Structure (%) | Amount (PLN) | Structure (%) | |
Agricultural crops | 500,226.2 | 38.1 | 304,535,349.4 | 34.9 |
Permanent grasslands | 554,589.1 | 42.2 | 144,961,203.7 | 16.6 |
Vegetable crops | 5903.6 | 0.4 | 5,574,233.5 | 0.6 |
Fruit crops and berries | 253,757.8 | 19.3 | 417,471,752.9 | 47.8 |
Total | 1,314,476.7 | 100.0 | 872,542,539.5 | 100.0 |
Option Name | Payment Rates (PLN per Hectare) | |
---|---|---|
During the Conversion Period (1–2 Years) | After the Conversion Period (3–5 Years) | |
Agricultural crops | 840 | 790 |
Permanent grasslands | 330 | 260 |
Vegetable crops | 1550 | 1300 |
Herbs | 1150 | 1050 |
Fruit crops and berries | 1800 | 1540 |
Other fruit crops and berries | 800 | 650 |
Options/Packages | Area Covered by Support | Amount of Support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (ha) | Structure (%) | Amount (PLN) | Structure (%) | |
Agricultural crops | 2,248,584.2 | 64.8 | 1,780,495,132.8 | 69.5 |
Permanent grasslands | 850,172.0 | 24.5 | 217,367,261.6 | 8.4 |
Vegetable crops | 105,703.4 | 3.0 | 144,130,269.7 | 5.6 |
Herbs | 4116.7 | 0.1 | 4,159,112.7 | 0.2 |
Fruit crops and berries | 245,072.5 | 7.1 | 404,659,940.1 | 15.8 |
Other fruit crops and berries | 17,817.9 | 0.5 | 11,842,001.1 | 0.5 |
Total | 3,471,466.7 | 100.0 | 2,562,653,718.0 | 100.0 |
Packages | Options | Payment Rates (PLN per Hectare) | |
---|---|---|---|
During the Conversion Period (1–2 Years) | After the Conversion Period (3–5 Years) | ||
Agricultural crops | 966 | 792 | |
Permanent grasslands | 428 | 428 | |
Vegetable crops | 1557 | 1310 | |
Herbs | 1325 | 1325 | |
Fruit crops | Basic fruit crops Berries Extensive fruit crops | 1882 1882 790 | 1501 1501 660 |
Fodder crops cultivated on arable land | 787 | 559 |
Packages | Area Covered by Support | Amount of Support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (ha) | Structure (%) | Amount (PLN) | Structure (%) | |
Agricultural crops | 574,927.4 | 48.1 | 485,380,065.4 | 47.8 |
Permanent grasslands | 109,832.7 | 9.2 | 51,543,477.6 | 5.1 |
Vegetable crops | 93,977.6 | 7.9 | 124,089,533.6 | 12.2 |
Herbs | 67,942.5 | 5.7 | 85,999,617.1 | 8.5 |
Fruit crops and berries | 58,774.6 | 4.9 | 86,072,765.8 | 8.5 |
Forage crops | 289,499.7 | 24.2 | 182,245,057.0 | 17.9 |
Total | 1,194,954.4 | 100.0 | 1,015,330,516.4 | 100.0 |
Options/Packages | Area Covered by Support | Amount of Support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Area (ha) | Structure (%) | Amount (PLN) | Structure (%) | |
Agricultural crops | 3,323,737.8 | 55.6 | 2,570,410,547.6 | 57.8 |
Permanent grasslands | 1,514,593.9 | 25.3 | 413,871,942.9 | 9.3 |
Vegetable crops | 205,584.6 | 3.4 | 273,794,036.7 | 6.1 |
Herbs | 72,059.2 | 1.2 | 90,158,729.8 | 2.0 |
Fruit crops and berries | 575,422.7 | 9.6 | 908,204,458.8 | 20.4 |
Forage crops | 289,499.7 | 4.8 | 182,245,057.0 | 4.1 |
Total | 5,980,897.8 | 100.0 | 4,450,526,773.8 | 100.0 |
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Łuczka, W.; Kalinowski, S.; Shmygol, N. Organic Farming Support Policy in a Sustainable Development Context: A Polish Case Study. Energies 2021, 14, 4208. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144208
Łuczka W, Kalinowski S, Shmygol N. Organic Farming Support Policy in a Sustainable Development Context: A Polish Case Study. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4208. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144208
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁuczka, Władysława, Sławomir Kalinowski, and Nadiia Shmygol. 2021. "Organic Farming Support Policy in a Sustainable Development Context: A Polish Case Study" Energies 14, no. 14: 4208. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144208