Design and Implementation of Improved High Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Derivation and Operating Principles of the Proposed Converter
2.1. Circuit Derivation
2.2. Analysis of Operating States of Modes
- The switching devices are ideal MOSFETs except for the internal body diodes and parasitic capacitors.
- The transformer ideally operates according to the turns on the primary and secondary sides, i.e., Np and Ns, respectively.
- The output filter inductors have the same magnitude, i.e., L1 = L2, and the output current ripples are the same, i.e., .
- The output filter capacitor Co is large enough to be treated as a voltage source with output voltage Vo.
- —Input voltage
- vo—Output voltage
- —voltage of the switch capacitor
- —Input current
- —Output current
- —Turns ratio of the transformer
- —Leakage inductance of the transformer
- —Output capacitance of the switch
- —Switching frequency
3. Characteristics of the Proposed Converter
3.1. Voltage Gain and Effective Duty Cycle
3.2. Voltage Stress
3.3. Resonant Capacitance
3.4. Resonant Inductance
4. Design Considerations
- (1)
- Input voltage range : 360–400 V;
- (2)
- Output voltage : 12 V;
- (3)
- Rated output power : 600 W;
- (4)
- Switching frequency : 100 kHz;
- (5)
- Maximum output current : 50 A;
- (6)
- Output filter ripple voltage : 0.12 V;
- (7)
- Output filter ripple current : 9 A.
4.1. Design of the Isolation Transformer
4.2. Selection of the Filter Coupled Inductors and Capacitor
4.3. Selection of the Rectifier Diodes and Power Switches
5. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
- The CICDR rectification method can achieve high output current and high step-down voltage gain for EVs;
- The voltage stress of the rectifier diode is low. Consequently, the losses of the rectifier diode can be reduced and high efficiency can be obtained;
- The leakage energy can turn on the switch under the ZVS condition. This reduces conduction loss and improves efficiency.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Park, D.-R.; Kim, Y. Design and Implementation of Improved High Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles. Energies 2021, 14, 4206. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144206
Park D-R, Kim Y. Design and Implementation of Improved High Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4206. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144206
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Dong-Ryeol, and Yong Kim. 2021. "Design and Implementation of Improved High Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles" Energies 14, no. 14: 4206. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144206