How Is Mortality Affected by Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Factors in CIS Region?
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Description
3.2. Description of the Method
4. Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Machol, B.; Rizk, S. Economic value of U.S. fossil fuel electricity health impacts. Environ. Int. 2013, 52, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Le, T.; Chang, Y.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. Energy insecurity in Asia: A multi-dimensional analysis. Econ. Model. 2019, 83, 84–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Yoshino, N. The way to induce private participation in green finance and investment. Financ. Res. Lett. 2019, 31, 98–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- BP (British Petroleum). BP Statistical Energy Review 2019. Available online: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf (accessed on 21 August 2019).
- Nadimi, R.; Tokimatsu, K. Analyzing of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy consumption via Bayesian Inference. Energy Procedia 2017, 142, 2773–2778. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martins, F.; Felgueiras, C.; Smitkova, M. Fossil fuel energy consumption in European countries. Energy Procedia 2018, 153, 107–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Curtiss, P.; Dreicer, M.; Rabi, A. Environmental impacts and costs of nuclear and fossil fuel cycles. Renew. Energy 1996, 9, 1055–1060. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosen, M.A. Energy, environmental, health and cost benefits of cogeneration from fossil fuels and nuclear energy using the electrical utility faftaghcilities of a province. Energy Sustain. Dev. 2009, 13, 43–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McKenna, P. Nuclear power is safer than fossil fuels. New Sci. 2011, 209, 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hendryx, M.; Holland, B. Unintended consequences of the Clean Air Act: Mortality rates in Appalachian coal mining communities. Environ. Sci. Pollut. 2016, 63, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rafindadi, A.A.; Yusof, Z.; Zaman, K.H.; Kyophilavong, P.H.; Akhmat, G. The relationship between air pollution, fossil fuel energy consumption, and water resources in the panel of selected Asia-Pacific countries. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2014, 21, 11395–11400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- IPCC. Global Warming of 1.5 ‘C. 2018. Available online: https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf (accessed on 12 December 2019).
- Mohmmed, A.; Zhinui, L.; Arowolo, A.; Su, H.; Deng, X.; Najmuddin, O.; Zhang, Y. Driving factors of CO2 emissions and nexus with economic growth, development and human health in the Top Ten emitting countries. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2019, 148, 157–169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shobande, O.A. The Effects of Energy Use on Infant Mortality Rates in Africa. Environ. Sustain. Indic. 2019, 127, 1011–1016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beach, R.H.; Sulser, T.B.; Crimmins, A.; Cenacchi, N.; Cole, J.; Fukagawa, N.; Mason-D’Croz, D.; Myers, S.; Sarofim, M.; Smith, M.; et al. Combining the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on protein, iron, and zinc availability and projected climate change on global diets: A modelling study. Lancet Planet. Health 2019, 3, e307–e317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kotcher, J.; Maibach, E.; Choi, W. Fossil fuels are harming our brains: Identifying key messages about the health effects of air pollution from fossil fuels. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1079. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.H.; Asghar, M.; Haider Zaidi, S.A.; Wang, B. Dynamic linkages among CO2 emissions, health expenditures, and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2019, 26, 15285–15299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Apergis, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Hadhri, W. Health care expenditure and environmental pollution: A cross-country comparison across different income groups. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020, 27, 8142–8156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bell, M.L.; Dominici, F.; Samet, J.M. A meta-analysis of time-series studies of ozone and mortality with comparison to the national morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study. Epidemiology 2005, 16, 436. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bowe, B.; Xie, Y.; Li, T.; Yan, Y.; Xian, H.; Al-Aly, Z. The 2016 global and national burden of diabetes mellitus attributable to PM2·5 air pollution. Lancet Planet. Health 2018, 2, e301–e312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moore, J.X.; Akinyemiju, T.; Wang, H.E. Pollution and regional variations of lung cancer mortality in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol. 2017, 49, 118–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kariisa, M.; Foraker, R.; Pennell, M.; Buckley, T.; Diaz, P.; Criner, G.J.; Wilkins, J.R., III. Short-and long-term effects of ambient ozone and fine particulate matter on the respiratory health of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health 2015, 70, 56–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zulkifli Amin, S.Z. Molecular Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Mortality Associated with Vehicle Emission Pollution. J. Gene. Emergency Med. 2017, 4, 2. [Google Scholar]
- Hersoug, L.G.; Sjödin, A.; Astrup, A. A proposed potential role for increasing atmospheric CO2 as a promoter of weight gain and obesity. Nutr. Diabetes 2012, 2, e31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lim, C.C.; Thurston, G.D. Air pollution, oxidative stress, and diabetes: A life course epidemiologic perspective. Curr. Diabetes Rep. 2019, 19, 58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akbari, H.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Heike, Y.; Bahadori, M. Cell Energy: A New Hypothesis in Decoding Cancer Evolution. Arch. Iran. Med. AIM 2019, 22, 733–735. [Google Scholar]
- Shu, J.; Lu, W.; Yang, K.; Zheng, Q.; Li, D.; Li, Y.; Kuang, M.; Liu, H.; Li, Z.; Chen, Y.; et al. Establishment and evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model by chronic exposure to motor vehicle exhaust combined with lipopolysaccharide instillation. Exp. Physiol. 2018, 103, 1532–1542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chaabouni, S.; Zghidi, N.; Ben Mbarek, M. On the causal dynamics between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2016, 22, 184–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Janssen, F.; Kunst, A.E.; Mackenbach, J.P. Association between gross domestic product throughout the life course and old-age mortality across birth cohorts: Parallel analyses of seven European countries, 1950–1999. Soc. Sci. Med. 2006, 63, 239–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, J.; Zhang, J.; Lee, R. Mortality decline and long-run economic growth. J. Public Econ. 2001, 80, 485–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lago-Penas, S.; Cantarero-Prieto, D.; Blazquez-Fernandez, C. On the relationship between GDP and health care expenditure: A new look. Econ. Model. 2013, 32, 124–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Renton, A.; Lintott, W.J. Economic growth and decline in mortality in developing countries: An analysis of the World Bank development datasets. Public Health 2012, 126, 551–560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gross, M. Rapid population rise bad for our health? Curr. Biol. 2012, 22, R702–R705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Pervaiz, R.; Faisal, F. Cancer incidence and mortality are associated with human development index and health setups in Africa. J. Egypt. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2017, 29, 123–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Plotnikov, V.; Vertakova, J. Manufacturing industry in Russia: Problems, status, prospects. Procedia Econ. Financ. 2014, 14, 499–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- World Bank Database. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/ (accessed on 21 August 2019).
- Sinha, A. Carbon emissions and mortality rates: A causal analysis for India (1970–2010). Int. J. Econ. Pract. Theor. 2014, 4, 486–492. [Google Scholar]
- Zheutlin, A.R.; Adar, S.; Park, S.K. Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Change in Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes in the United States: An Ecological Study. Environ. Int. 2014, 73, 111–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hammond, E.C.; Garfinkel, L. General Air Pollution and Cancer in the United States. Prev. Med. 1980, 9, 206–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zou, C.; Zhao, Q.; Zhang, G.; Xiong, B. Energy revolution: From a fossil energy era to a new energy era. Nat. Gas Ind. B 2016, 3, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arellano, M.; Bond, S. Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations. Rev. Econ. Stud. 1991, 58, 277–297. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kao, C.; Chiang, M.H. On the estimation and inference of a cointegrated regression in panel data. Adv. Econom. 2000, 15, 179–222. [Google Scholar]
- Nejat, P.; Jomehzadeh, F.; Taheri, M.M.; Gohari, M.; Majid, M. A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 43, 843–862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kibirige, J.S. Population growth, poverty and health. Soc. Sci. Med. 1997, 45, 247–259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nasre Esfahani, M.; Rasoulinezhad, E. Will be there new CO2 emitters in the future? Evidence of long-run panel co-integration for N-11 countries. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2016, 6, 463–470. [Google Scholar]
- Chaabouni, S.; Saidi, K. The dynamic links between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, health spending and GDP growth: A case study for 51 countries. Environ. Res. 2017, 158, 137–144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rasoulinezhad, E.; Saboori, B. Panel estimation for renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, CO2 emissions, the composite trade intensity, and financial openness of the commonwealth of independent states. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018, 25, 17354–17370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rasoulinezhad, E. Analyzing Energy Export Patterns from the Commonwealth of Independent States to China: New Evidence from Gravity Trade Theory. Chin. Econ. 2019, 52, 279–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. The Impacts of Air Pollution on Health and Economy in Southeast Asia. Energies 2020, 13, 1812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Geobel, A.; Dodson, B.; Hill, T. Urban advantage or Urban penalty? A case study of female-headed households in a South African city. Health Place 2010, 16, 573–580. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ettner, S.L. New evidence on the relationship between income and health. J. Health Econ. 1996, 15, 67–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frijters, P.; Haisken-DeNew, J.P.; Shields, M. The causal effect of income on health: Evidence from German reunification. J. Health Econ. 2005, 24, 997–1017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pickett, K.E.; Wilkinson, G. Income inequality and health: A causal review. Soc. Sci. Med. 2015, 128, 316–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Yoshino, N. Sustainable Solutions for Green Financing and Investment in Renewable Energy Projects. Energies 2020, 13, 788. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Yoshino, N.; Rasoulinezhad, E.; Chang, Y. Trade linkages and transmission of oil price fluctuations. Energy Policy 2019, 133, 110872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sachs, J.W.T.; Woo, N.; Yoshino, F. Taghizadeh-Hesary Importance of green finance for achieving sustainable development goals and energy security. In Handbook of Green Finance: Energy Security and Sustainable Development; Sachs, J., Woo, W.T., Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., Eds.; Springer: Tokyo, Japan, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Sun, Y.; Chen, L.; Sun, H.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. Low-carbon financial risk factor correlation in the belt and road PPP project. Financ. Res. Lett. 2020, 101491. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Le, T.H.; Le, H.C.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. Does Financial Inclusion impact CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Asia. Financ. Res. Lett. 2020, 101451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tu, C.A.; Rasoulinezhad, E.; Sarker, T. Investigating solutions for the development of a green bond market: Evidence from analytic hierarchy process. Financ. Res. Lett. 2020, 101457. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
CO2 Emissions | Economic Growth | Fossil Fuel Consumption | HDI | Mortality from CVD, DM, Cancer, and CRD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 emissions | 1 | 0.140 (0.01) | 0.095 (0.00) | 0.001 (0.01) | 0.025 (0.03) |
Economic growth | 0.140 (0.01) | 1 | 0.146 (0.02) | 0.023 (0.00) | 0.533 (0.00) |
Fossil fuel consumption | 0.095 (0.00) | 0.146 (0.02) | 1 | 0.005 (0.04) | 0.171 (0.04) |
HDI | 0.001 (0.01) | 0.023 (0.00) | 0.005 (0.04) | 1 | −0.041 (0.00) |
Mortality from CVD, cancer, DM, cancer, and CRD | 0.025 (0.03) | 0.533 (0.00) | 0.171 (0.04) | −0.041 (0.00) | 1 |
Samples | Variables | CSD Test | Corr. | Abs. (corr.) | Significant at 1% Level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
12 CIS member states | LECO | 9.52 | 0.388 | 0.387 | Yes |
LCO2 | 10.28 | 0.429 | 0.429 | Yes | |
LFOS | 9.88 | 0.369 | 0.369 | Yes | |
LINF | 9.33 | 0.410 | 0.410 | Yes | |
LPOP | 8.28 | 0.319 | 0.319 | Yes | |
LHDI | 10.32 | 0.501 | 0.501 | Yes |
Explanatory Variables | Coefficients | Significant at 1% Levels |
---|---|---|
Constant | 0.28 | No |
LECO | 0.29 | Yes |
LCO2 | 1.39 | Yes |
LFOS | 0.11 | Yes |
LINF | 0.04 | Yes |
LPOP | 0.19 | Yes |
LHDI | −0.18 | Yes |
No. of observations | 312 | |
Range | 1993-2018 | |
Cross-sections included | 12 | |
Wald Chi2 (5) | 632.18 | Yes |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Rasoulinezhad, E.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F.; Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. How Is Mortality Affected by Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Factors in CIS Region? Energies 2020, 13, 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092255
Rasoulinezhad E, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. How Is Mortality Affected by Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Factors in CIS Region? Energies. 2020; 13(9):2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092255
Chicago/Turabian StyleRasoulinezhad, Ehsan, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, and Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary. 2020. "How Is Mortality Affected by Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Factors in CIS Region?" Energies 13, no. 9: 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092255
APA StyleRasoulinezhad, E., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2020). How Is Mortality Affected by Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Economic Factors in CIS Region? Energies, 13(9), 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092255