A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. State of the Art
2.1. Electrical ERSs
2.2. Hydraulic ERSs
2.3. Flywheel-Based ERSs
2.4. Flow Regeneration
3. Outline
4. Proposed Architecture
4.1. Our Previous Flywheel Energy Recovery System (FERS)
4.2. The Proposed Compound Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration (FFERS)
5. Parameters Matching of Key Components
6. Simulation and Discussion
- a)
- The cycle of the joystick is illustrated in Figure 8. Zero deg means the joystick stays in the neutral position; anything above zero deg means a lowering the signal of the boom for that time, whereas anything below zero deg means a lifting signal of the boom for that period, assuming that the other cylinders of the HE have no movements.
- b)
- The retraction displacement of the boom cylinder in the simulation is 0.6 m.
6.1. Working Performance of the FERS and FFERS
6.2. Realization of Flow Regeneration Function
6.3. Influence of PM Displacement on System Performance
7. Conclusions
8. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Year | ERS Type | Storage Capacity | Energy Savings | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kanezawa [8] | 2001 | Electrical | - | 35% | First, study the application of energy recovery technology in construction machinery. |
Wang [10] | 2013 | Electrical | Ultracapacitor, 7.5 F, 0–400 V | 17% | An electrical ERS is used to realize pressure compensation and energy recovery. |
Lin [12] | 2012 | Electrical | Ultracapacitor, 7.5 F, 0–400 V | 41% | An accumulator is used as temporary energy storage component. |
Chen [13] | 2019 | Electrical | Ultracapacitor, 40 F, 280–420 V | 58% | |
Yu [14] | 2019 | Electrical | Battery | 33.8% to 57.4% | The hydraulic motor is installed between the cylinder and the main valve. |
Minav [15,16] | 2012 | Electrical | Battery and ultracapacitor 63 F, 125 V | 54% | They provided analyses of different ERSs from the energy efficiency perspective based on a forklift. |
Bruun [18] | 2002 | Hydraulic | Accumulator | 37% | A motor and a transition cylinder are used to charge the accumulator. |
Quan [19,20] | 2018 | Hydraulic | Accumulator, 240 L; 20 L | 49.1% and 70.9% | Adding a counterbalance cylinder to the baseline system or using a three-chamber cylinder instead of a conventional one. |
Zhou [21] | 2017 | Hydraulic | Accumulator, 10 L, 50 L, and 100 L | Up to 50% | A scheme of the closed hydraulic system of excavator using a three-chamber hydraulic cylinder and accumulator. |
Liang [22] | 2001 | Hydraulic | Accumulator | 18% | Based on a crane with load sensing system. |
Minav [16] | 2014 | Hydraulic | Accumulator, 4 L | 45% | - |
Zhang [23] | 2017 | Hydraulic | Accumulator | 50% | A concept of direct driven hydraulics drive is proposed. |
Component | Parameters | Value |
---|---|---|
Boom cylinder | Piston diameter [mm] | 90 |
Rod diameter [mm] | 53 | |
Stroke [m] | 0.6 | |
Number of cylinders | 1 | |
Maximum recyclable energy [kJ] | 22.6 |
Component | Parameters | Value |
---|---|---|
Boom cylinder | Piston diameter (mm) | 90 |
Rod diameter (mm) | 53 | |
Stroke (m) | 0.6 | |
Viscous friction coefficient [N/(m/s)] | 800 | |
Stiction force (N) | 600 | |
Coulomb friction force (N) | 600 | |
Flywheel | Moment of inertia kg m2) | 1.03 |
Viscous damping coefficient [N·m/(rev/min)] | 0.001 |
Parameters | FERS 1 | FFERS 2 | Units | Improvement |
---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum displacement | 71 | 28 | mL/rev | 71% |
Mass | 43.3 | 19.3 | kg | 55% |
Moment of inertia | 0.0083 | 0.0017 | kg m2 | N.A. |
Maximum rotational speed | 2200 | 3000 | rev/min | 36% |
Mechanical efficiency | 0.87 | 0.95 | - | 8% |
Volumetric efficiency | 0.95 | 0.93 | - | −2% |
Total efficiency | 0.83 | 0.88 | - | 5% |
Dimensions L × W × H | 426 × 301 × 404 | 378 × 235 × 310 | mm | 47% |
Price | 3400 | 2200 | $ | 35% |
No. | Displacement (mL/rev) | Mass (kg) | Nominal Rotational Speed [rev/min] | Moment of Inertia (kg m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 18 | 19.3 | 3300 | 0.00093 |
2 | 23 | 22.3 | 3000 | 0.0017 |
3 | 28 |
Name | Upward Displacement of Boom Cylinder (m) | Downward Displacement of Boom Cylinder (m) | Overall Efficiency (%) | Energy Efficiency Improvement |
---|---|---|---|---|
FERS 1 | 0.332 | 0.6 | 55 | - |
FFERS 2 | 0.375 | 62 | 13% |
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Li, J.; Zhao, J.; Zhang, X. A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System. Energies 2020, 13, 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020315
Li J, Zhao J, Zhang X. A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System. Energies. 2020; 13(2):315. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020315
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jiansong, Jiyun Zhao, and Xiaochun Zhang. 2020. "A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System" Energies 13, no. 2: 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020315
APA StyleLi, J., Zhao, J., & Zhang, X. (2020). A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System. Energies, 13(2), 315. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020315