Estimation of Bearing Fault Severity in Line-Connected and Inverter-Fed Three-Phase Induction Motors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
- Strategy 1: This strategy classifies up to four predefined patterns representing qualitative ranges of severity, where level 1 represents first bearing wear, level 2 considers moderate wear, and level 3 represents an advanced failure. Finally, level 4 considers a bearing operating at critical conditions.
- Strategy 2: An estimator performs a functional approximation, identifying up to ten levels of severity, in which levels 1 and 10 represent the most initial degradation level of a fault evolving to the most critical situation, respectively.
3. Case Study
3.1. Test Bench
3.2. Experimental Results
3.3. Strategy 1—Determination of Bearing Fault Level
3.4. Strategy 2—Estimation of Bearing Fault Severity
3.5. Comparison with Some Previous Research
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Specifications |
---|---|
Hole diameter (mm) | 20 |
External diameter (mm) | 42 |
Width (mm) | 12 |
Dynamic load (kN) | 9.95 |
Static load (kN) | 5 |
Reference speed (r/min) | 38,000 |
Limit speed (r/min) | 24,000 |
Supply | Frequency | Switching Frequency | Bearing Condition | Nº of Acquisitions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Allen Bradley | 50 Hz | 4 kHz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
2 | Allen Bradley | 25 Hz | 4 kHz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
3 | Allen Bradley | 75 Hz | 4 kHz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
4 | Allen Bradley | 50 Hz | 5 kHz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
5 | WEG | 50 Hz | 5 kHz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
6 | Line-fed | 50 Hz | Healthy Faulty | 40 100 |
Attributes | Line Connected | Inverter-Fed Supply | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Correctly classified instances (%) | 98.6 | 81.96 | ||
Incorrectly classified instances (%) | 1.39 | 18.04 | ||
Kappa statistic | 0.97 | 0.58 | ||
Mean absolute error | 0.01 | 0.18 | ||
Root mean squared error | 0.10 | 0.37 | ||
Relative absolute error (%) | 4.92 | 44.65 | ||
Root relative squared error (%) | 23.74 | 80.49 | ||
Detailed accuracy by class | Healthy | Defective | Healthy | Defective |
TP rate 1 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.70 | 0.87 |
FP rate 2 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.29 |
Precision | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.71 | 0.87 |
Recall | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.70 | 0.87 |
F measure | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.70 | 0.87 |
MCC 3 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
ROC 4 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
Area | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.95 |
Predict Classes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Line-connected | Inverter-fed | |||
Classes | Healthy | Defective | Healthy | Defective |
Healthy | 36 | 1 | 124 | 53 |
Defective | 1 | 105 | 50 | 344 |
Attributes | Line Connected | Inverter-Fed Supply | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correctly classified instances (%) | 93.13 | 80.22 | ||||||
Incorrectly classified instances (%) | 6.86 | 19.77 | ||||||
Kappa statistic | 0.90 | 0.73 | ||||||
Mean absolute error | 0.06 | 0.10 | ||||||
Root mean squared error | 0.19 | 0.28 | ||||||
Relative absolute error (%) | 16.93 | 29.04 | ||||||
Root relative squared error (%) | 43.06 | 66.09 | ||||||
Detailed accuracy by class | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 |
TP rate 1 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
FP rate 2 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
Precision | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.83 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.84 |
Recall | 0.83 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.83 |
F measure | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.84 |
MCC 3 | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.81 |
ROC 4 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
Area | 0.87 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 0.87 |
Predicted Classes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Line-connected | ||||
Classes | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 |
Level 1 | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Level 2 | 1 | 27 | 0 | 0 |
Level 3 | 0 | 1 | 28 | 0 |
Level 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20 |
Inverter-fed | ||||
Classes | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Level 4 |
Level 1 | 97 | 23 | 14 | 0 |
Level 2 | 15 | 148 | 14 | 4 |
Level 3 | 3 | 18 | 157 | 12 |
Level 4 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 89 |
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Fontes Godoy, W.; Morinigo-Sotelo, D.; Duque-Perez, O.; Nunes da Silva, I.; Goedtel, A.; Palácios, R.H.C. Estimation of Bearing Fault Severity in Line-Connected and Inverter-Fed Three-Phase Induction Motors. Energies 2020, 13, 3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133481
Fontes Godoy W, Morinigo-Sotelo D, Duque-Perez O, Nunes da Silva I, Goedtel A, Palácios RHC. Estimation of Bearing Fault Severity in Line-Connected and Inverter-Fed Three-Phase Induction Motors. Energies. 2020; 13(13):3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133481
Chicago/Turabian StyleFontes Godoy, Wagner, Daniel Morinigo-Sotelo, Oscar Duque-Perez, Ivan Nunes da Silva, Alessandro Goedtel, and Rodrigo Henrique Cunha Palácios. 2020. "Estimation of Bearing Fault Severity in Line-Connected and Inverter-Fed Three-Phase Induction Motors" Energies 13, no. 13: 3481. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133481