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Volume 12
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10.3390/en12193695
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Article

Microclimate Thermal Management Using Thermoelectric Air-Cooling Duct System Operated at Five Incremental Powers and its Effect on Sleep Adaptation of the Occupants

by
Kashif Irshad
1,*,
Salem Algarni
2,
Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad
3,
Sayed Ameenuddin Irfan
4,
Khairul Habib
5,
Mostafa A.H. Abdelmohimen
2,6,
Md. Hasan Zahir
1 and
Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed
2
1
Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), King Fahd University of Petroleum &Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
3
College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan 32610, Malaysia
6
Mechanical Engineering Department, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cario 13511, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2019, 12(19), 3695; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193695
Submission received: 10 August 2019 / Revised: 16 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 September 2019 / Published: 27 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Heat Transfer Enhancement)
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Abstract

In this study, the microclimate of the test room was regulated using thermoelectric air duct cooling system (TE-AD) operated at input powers-240 W, 360 W, 480 W, 600 W, 720 W, and 840 W, on subsequent nights. Fifteen (15) healthy male volunteers were recruited to sleep under these test conditions and their sleep quality was assessed by studying objective measures such as sleep onset latency (SOL), mean skin temperature and heart rate as well as subjective parameters like predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD). There was a consistent improvement on all studied parameters when the power of the system was increased from 240 W to 720 W. The mean sleep onset latency time was reduced from (M = 40.7 +/− 0.98 min) to (M = 18.33 +/− 1.18 min) when the operating power was increased from 240 W to 720 W, denoting an improvement in sleep quality. However, increasing the power further to 840 W resulted in deteriorating cooling performance of the TE-AD system leading to an increase in temperature of the test room and reduction in sleep comfort. Analysis of subjective indices of thermal comfort viz. PMV and PPD revealed that subjects are highly sensitive towards variations in microclimate achieved by changing the operating power of the TE-AD. This device was also found to be environmentally sustainable, with estimated reduction in CO2 emission calculated to be around 38% as compared to the conventional air-conditioning.
Keywords: sleeping comfort; adaptive model; thermoelectric cooling; variable operating power; CO2 emission sleeping comfort; adaptive model; thermoelectric cooling; variable operating power; CO2 emission
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MDPI and ACS Style

Irshad, K.; Algarni, S.; Ahmad, M.T.; Irfan, S.A.; Habib, K.; Abdelmohimen, M.A.H.; Zahir, M.H.; Ahmed, G.M.S. Microclimate Thermal Management Using Thermoelectric Air-Cooling Duct System Operated at Five Incremental Powers and its Effect on Sleep Adaptation of the Occupants. Energies 2019, 12, 3695. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193695

AMA Style

Irshad K, Algarni S, Ahmad MT, Irfan SA, Habib K, Abdelmohimen MAH, Zahir MH, Ahmed GMS. Microclimate Thermal Management Using Thermoelectric Air-Cooling Duct System Operated at Five Incremental Powers and its Effect on Sleep Adaptation of the Occupants. Energies. 2019; 12(19):3695. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193695

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irshad, Kashif, Salem Algarni, Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad, Sayed Ameenuddin Irfan, Khairul Habib, Mostafa A.H. Abdelmohimen, Md. Hasan Zahir, and Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed. 2019. "Microclimate Thermal Management Using Thermoelectric Air-Cooling Duct System Operated at Five Incremental Powers and its Effect on Sleep Adaptation of the Occupants" Energies 12, no. 19: 3695. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193695

APA Style

Irshad, K., Algarni, S., Ahmad, M. T., Irfan, S. A., Habib, K., Abdelmohimen, M. A. H., Zahir, M. H., & Ahmed, G. M. S. (2019). Microclimate Thermal Management Using Thermoelectric Air-Cooling Duct System Operated at Five Incremental Powers and its Effect on Sleep Adaptation of the Occupants. Energies, 12(19), 3695. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12193695

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