Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation for the Definition of the Thermal Stratification and Ventilation Performance in a Mechanically Ventilated Sports Hall
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
- Field measurements for the measurement of the temperature, relative humidity, and the CO2 concentration;
- CFD simulations for the calculation of the temperature distribution in the training hall.
2.1. Žalgirio Arena Basketball Training Hall
2.2. Field Measurements
2.3. Numerical Method
- The AH+MMV case, in which the simulation was in accordance with the field measurements. Mechanical mixing ventilation combined with warm air heating was presumed.
- The UFH+MMV case, which considered mechanical mixing ventilation combined with underfloor heating.
- The UNF+MDV case, which represented mechanical displacement ventilation combined with underfloor heating.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Field Results
3.1.1. Indoor Temperature
3.1.2. Relative Humidity and CO2 Concentration
3.2. Numerical Results
- (a)
- air heating combined with mechanical mixing ventilation from field measurements;
- (b)
- air heating combined with mechanical mixing ventilation from CFD predictions;
- (c)
- underfloor heating combined with mechanical mixing ventilation from CFD predictions;
- (d)
- underfloor heating combined with mechanical displacement ventilation from CFD predictions.
4. Conclusions
- Lithuanian normal requirements to keep indoor temperatures between 15 °C and 25 °C are met in the analyzed sports hall space for heights up to 5.4 m, using an air heating and mechanical mixing ventilation combination.
- CO2 concentration was measured at a maximum value of 951 ppm in the occupied zone, indicating that the combination of the air heating and the mechanical mixing ventilation ensures high indoor air quality, with an air change rate of 1.1 h−1.
- The experimental results show that the mixing ventilation application, together with air heating, allows higher temperatures in the occupied zone than in the case of air heating without ventilation.
- CFD simulations revealed that using the same heating output for air heating, underfloor heating combined with mechanical mixing, or displacement ventilation ensures higher temperatures in the occupied zone, creating the potential for energy savings.
- The numerical analysis also showed that the highest temperature in the 0.1 m level to avoid a slippery floor surface could be reached with an underfloor heating and mechanical mixing ventilation combination case.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Symbol | Condition |
---|---|
B_T1 | Before basketball training, without operating ventilation systems or people |
B_T2 | Before basketball training, with operating ventilation systems, without people |
T | During basketball training, with operating ventilation systems and people (at heights above 5.4 m) |
A_T1 | After basketball training, with operating ventilation systems, without people |
A_T2 | After basketball training, without operating ventilation systems or people |
Measurement Points | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | |
Kruskal-Wallis H | 256.616 | 193.943 | 130.158 | 211.743 | 239.548 |
df | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Asymp. Sig. (p-values) | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 |
Measurement Height | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 6.9 | |
Kruskal-Wallis H | 104.044 | 86.204 | 54.542 | 82.484 | 133.129 | 204.204 |
df | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Asymp. Sig. (p-values) | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 | p < 0.01 |
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Seduikyte, L.; Stasiulienė, L.; Prasauskas, T.; Martuzevičius, D.; Černeckienė, J.; Ždankus, T.; Dobravalskis, M.; Fokaides, P. Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation for the Definition of the Thermal Stratification and Ventilation Performance in a Mechanically Ventilated Sports Hall. Energies 2019, 12, 2243. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122243
Seduikyte L, Stasiulienė L, Prasauskas T, Martuzevičius D, Černeckienė J, Ždankus T, Dobravalskis M, Fokaides P. Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation for the Definition of the Thermal Stratification and Ventilation Performance in a Mechanically Ventilated Sports Hall. Energies. 2019; 12(12):2243. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122243
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeduikyte, Lina, Laura Stasiulienė, Tadas Prasauskas, Dainius Martuzevičius, Jurgita Černeckienė, Tadas Ždankus, Mantas Dobravalskis, and Paris Fokaides. 2019. "Field Measurements and Numerical Simulation for the Definition of the Thermal Stratification and Ventilation Performance in a Mechanically Ventilated Sports Hall" Energies 12, no. 12: 2243. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122243