An Effective Ground Fault Location Scheme Using Unsynchronized Data for Multi-Terminal Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Proposed Fault Location Method
2.1. Rules for Fault Section Identification in Three-Terminal Lines
2.2. The Whole Scheme of Fault Section Identification in Multi-Terminal Lines
2.3. Fault Location Algorithm
3. Case Study and Performance Evaluation
3.1. Description of a Test Case
3.2. Perfomance Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fault Section | L–T | R–T | B1–T |
---|---|---|---|
Rules | rule 1: | rule 2: | rule 3: |
Parameters Type | Values |
---|---|
Source (p.u.) | EL = 1.04∠20°, EB1 = 1.02∠10°, EB3 = 1∠0°, ER = 0.98∠−10° EB3 = 1∠0°, ER = 0.98∠−10° |
Lines | Z0 = 0.362 + j1.1426 (Ω/km), Y0 = j1.936 × 10−6 (S/km) Z1 = 0.035 + j0.4234 (Ω/km), Y1 = j2.726 × 10−6 (S/km) |
Loads | Load1: 65 MW + 15 MVAR, Load2: 80 MW |
Line Length (km) | lT1L = 120, lT1T2 = 60, lT2T3 = 90, lT3R =30, lT1B1 = 80, lT2B2 = 50, lT3B3 = 100 lT1B1 = 80, lT2B2 = 50, lT3B3 = 100 |
BDRM | ,, |
Fault Distance Ratio | rLR = 7.78, rLB1 = 1.19, rLB2 = 2.00, rLB3 = 2.50, rRB1 = 0.15, rRB2 = 0.26, rRB3 = 0.32 rRB1 = 0.16, rRB2 = 0.26, rRB3 = 0.33, lT1B1 = 80, lT2B2 = 50, lT3B3 = 100 |
FDRM | ,, |
Fault Location | lFL (km) | Fault Section | dFL (km) | Err (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
5% of lT1L | 6 | L–T1 | 6.09 | 0.017 |
55% of lT1L | 66 | L–T1 | 65.84 | 0.030 |
95% of lT1L | 114 | L–T1 | 113.62 | 0.072 |
15% of lT1T2 | 129 | T1–T2 | 128.57 | 0.081 |
45% of lT1T2 | 147 | T1–T2 | 146.89 | 0.021 |
85% of lT1T2 | 171 | T1–T2 | 171.45 | 0.085 |
10% of lT2T3 | 189 | T2–T3 | 188.17 | 0.156 |
50% of lT2T3 | 225 | T2–T3 | 225.40 | 0.075 |
90% of lT2T3 | 261 | T2–T3 | 261.53 | 0.100 |
20% of lT3R | 276 | T3–R | 276.57 | 0.107 |
40% of lT3R | 282 | T3–R | 281.74 | 0.049 |
80% of lT3R | 294 | T3–R | 293.90 | 0.019 |
5% of lT1B1 | 124 | T1–B1 | 124.24 | 0.045 |
35% of lT1B1 | 148 | T1–B1 | 147.63 | 0.070 |
75% of lT1B1 | 180 | T1–B1 | 180.30 | 0.056 |
10% of lT2B2 | 185 | T2–B2 | 183.97 | 0.194 |
30% of lT2B2 | 195 | T2–B2 | 195.16 | 0.030 |
70% of lT2B2 | 215 | T2–B2 | 214.77 | 0.043 |
5% of lT3B3 | 275 | T3–B3 | 275.55 | 0.104 |
FIA (°) | Rf (Ω) | F1-Type | F2-Type | F3-Type | F4-Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
55% of lT1L | 50% of lT2T3 | 40% of lT3R | 65% of lT3B3 | ||
10 | 10 | 0.039 | 0.080 | 0.056 | 0.027 |
50 | 0.041 | 0.083 | 0.059 | 0.030 | |
100 | 0.052 | 0.095 | 0.067 | 0.043 | |
45 | 10 | 0.032 | 0.077 | 0.049 | 0.022 |
50 | 0.035 | 0.079 | 0.053 | 0.026 | |
100 | 0.048 | 0.086 | 0.061 | 0.039 | |
90 | 10 | 0.028 | 0.072 | 0.045 | 0.021 |
50 | 0.030 | 0.075 | 0.049 | 0.023 | |
100 | 0.043 | 0.082 | 0.057 | 0.034 |
Value | Sources of Errors | Method | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ε | δ | [23] | Proposed Method | |
Err (%) | - | - | 0.082 | 0.075 |
√ | - | 0.104 | 0.075 | |
- | √ | 8.936 | 0.075 | |
√ | √ | 10.025 | 0.075 |
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Wang, D.; Ning, Y.; Zhang, C. An Effective Ground Fault Location Scheme Using Unsynchronized Data for Multi-Terminal Lines. Energies 2018, 11, 2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112957
Wang D, Ning Y, Zhang C. An Effective Ground Fault Location Scheme Using Unsynchronized Data for Multi-Terminal Lines. Energies. 2018; 11(11):2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112957
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Dazhi, Yi Ning, and Cuiling Zhang. 2018. "An Effective Ground Fault Location Scheme Using Unsynchronized Data for Multi-Terminal Lines" Energies 11, no. 11: 2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112957