Risk Assessment of Failure of Outdoor High Voltage Polluted Insulators under Combined Stresses Near Shoreline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Arrangement
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Electrical Properties
3.1.1. Effect of Acidic and Clean Cold Fog on Discharge Current
3.1.2. Effect of Acidic and Clean Cold Fog on E-Field Distribution
3.2. Physico-Chemical Properties
3.2.1. Contact Angle and Hydrophobicity Measurement
3.2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Analysis
3.2.3. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis
3.2.4. Surface Roughness
3.2.5. Dielectric and Physical Changes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | Compositions (mg/L) |
---|---|
NH4Cl | 235 |
KCl | 5.9 |
HNO3 | 25 |
MgSO4 | 35.2 |
CaSO4·2H2O | 29.5 |
NaCl | 170 |
ON State | ON/OFF State |
---|---|
Saline contamination and acidic cold fog are deposited continuously from the start of the test at a constant voltage of 33 kV. | Saline contamination and acidic cold fog injections are periodically set to turn the setup on and off at constant voltage of 33 kV. |
Types of Materials | Total SR (µm) | Root Mean sq. (SR) (µm) | Avg. SR (µm) |
---|---|---|---|
SiR | 4.78 ± 0.02 | 2.19 ± 0.02 | 1.01 ± 0.02 |
11.09 ± 0.02 | 3.330.02 | 3.29 ± 0.02 | |
EPDM | 6.03 ± 0.02 | 2.46 ± 0.02 | 1.71 ± 0.02 |
16.51 ± 0.02 | 4.060.02 | 2.82 ± 0.02 | |
HDPE | 7.93 ± 0.02 | 2.82 ± 0.02 | 1.99 ± 0.02 |
19.37 ± 0.02 | 4.40 ± 0.02 | 4.06 ± 0.02 |
Insulation Materials | Discharge Current (mA) | Tangent Loss % | Permittivity % |
---|---|---|---|
SiR | 77.1 | 54 | 1.1 |
EPDM | 89.0 | 67 | 6.1 |
HDPE | 99.1 | 285 | −5.2 |
Insulation Materials | Weight Loss % | Corrosion Speed (mg/h) |
---|---|---|
SiR | 0.05 | 0.016 |
EPDM | 0.17 | 0.029 |
HDPE | 0.19 | 0.95 |
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Hussain, M.M.; Farokhi, S.; McMeekin, S.G.; Farzaneh, M. Risk Assessment of Failure of Outdoor High Voltage Polluted Insulators under Combined Stresses Near Shoreline. Energies 2017, 10, 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101661
Hussain MM, Farokhi S, McMeekin SG, Farzaneh M. Risk Assessment of Failure of Outdoor High Voltage Polluted Insulators under Combined Stresses Near Shoreline. Energies. 2017; 10(10):1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101661
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussain, Muhammad Majid, Shahab Farokhi, Scott G. McMeekin, and Masoud Farzaneh. 2017. "Risk Assessment of Failure of Outdoor High Voltage Polluted Insulators under Combined Stresses Near Shoreline" Energies 10, no. 10: 1661. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101661