Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes

Romagnoli, Sofia; Sbrollini, Agnese; Marcantoni, Ilaria; Morettini, Micaela; Burattini, Laura

doi:10.3390/ijerph19095680

Open AccessReview

Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes

by

Sofia Romagnoli

,

Agnese Sbrollini

,

Ilaria Marcantoni

,

Micaela Morettini

and

Laura Burattini

^*

Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095680

Submission received: 25 February 2022 / Revised: 28 April 2022 / Accepted: 5 May 2022 / Published: 6 May 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Fitness and Health Outcomes throughout the Life Span)

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Abstract

This review analyzes scientific data published in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim to report the cardiorespiratory complications observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adult healthy athletes. Fifteen studies were selected using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 4725 athletes (3438 males and 1287 females) practicing 19 sports categories were included in the study. Information about symptoms was released by 4379 (93%) athletes; of them, 1433 (33%) declared to be asymptomatic, whereas the remaining 2946 (67%) reported the occurrence of symptoms with mild (1315; 45%), moderate (821; 28%), severe (1; 0%) and unknown (809; 27%) severity. The most common symptoms were anosmia (33%), ageusia (32%) and headache (30%). Cardiac magnetic resonance identified the largest number of cardiorespiratory abnormalities (15.7%). Among the confirmed inflammations, myocarditis was the most common (0.5%). In conclusion, the low degree of symptom severity and the low rate of cardiac abnormalities suggest that the risk of significant cardiorespiratory involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adult athletes is likely low; however, the long-term physiologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are not established yet. Extensive cardiorespiratory screening seems excessive in most cases, and classical pre-participation cardiovascular screening may be sufficient.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; sport; cardiovascular system; respiratory system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Romagnoli, S.; Sbrollini, A.; Marcantoni, I.; Morettini, M.; Burattini, L. Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095680

AMA Style

Romagnoli S, Sbrollini A, Marcantoni I, Morettini M, Burattini L. Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095680

Chicago/Turabian Style

Romagnoli, Sofia, Agnese Sbrollini, Ilaria Marcantoni, Micaela Morettini, and Laura Burattini. 2022. "Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095680

APA Style

Romagnoli, S., Sbrollini, A., Marcantoni, I., Morettini, M., & Burattini, L. (2022). Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095680

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Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes

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