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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph19042424
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Article

Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia

by
Abdulaziz Alqahtani
1,
Edrous Alamer
2,3,
Mushtaq Mir
1,
Ali Alasmari
4,
Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
5,
Mohammed Asiri
1,
Irfan Ahmad
1,
Abdulaziz Alhazmi
2,6 and
Abdullah Algaissi
2,3,*
1
Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
2
Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
4
Asir Central Hospital, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
6
Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2424; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424
Submission received: 24 December 2021 / Revised: 15 February 2022 / Accepted: 16 February 2022 / Published: 19 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Burden of COVID-19 in Different Countries)
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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity and mortality rates of COVID-19 are affected by several factors, such as respiratory diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Bacterial coinfections are another factor that could contribute to the severity of COVID-19. Limited studies have investigated morbidity and mortality due to microbial coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Here, we retrospectively studied the effects of bacterial coinfections on intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients with COVID-19 in Asir province, Saudi Arabia. We analyzed electronic medical records of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Asir Central Hospital. A total of 34 patients were included, and the clinical data of 16 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 only and 18 patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infections were analyzed in our study. Our data showed that the length of stay at the hospital for patients infected with both SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial infection was 35.2 days, compared to 16.2 days for patients infected with only SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.0001). In addition, higher mortality rates were associated with patients in the coinfection group compared to the SARS-CoV-2-only infected group (50% vs. 18.7%, respectively). The study also showed that gram-negative bacteria are the most commonly isolated bacteria in COVID-19 patients. To conclude, this study found that individuals with COVID-19 who presented with bacterial infections are at higher risk for a longer stay at the hospital and potentially death. Further studies with a larger population are warranted to better understand the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with bacterial infections.
Keywords: COVID-19; coinfection; bacteria; SARS-CoV-2; Saudi Arabia COVID-19; coinfection; bacteria; SARS-CoV-2; Saudi Arabia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alqahtani, A.; Alamer, E.; Mir, M.; Alasmari, A.; Alshahrani, M.M.; Asiri, M.; Ahmad, I.; Alhazmi, A.; Algaissi, A. Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424

AMA Style

Alqahtani A, Alamer E, Mir M, Alasmari A, Alshahrani MM, Asiri M, Ahmad I, Alhazmi A, Algaissi A. Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alqahtani, Abdulaziz, Edrous Alamer, Mushtaq Mir, Ali Alasmari, Mohammed Merae Alshahrani, Mohammed Asiri, Irfan Ahmad, Abdulaziz Alhazmi, and Abdullah Algaissi. 2022. "Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424

APA Style

Alqahtani, A., Alamer, E., Mir, M., Alasmari, A., Alshahrani, M. M., Asiri, M., Ahmad, I., Alhazmi, A., & Algaissi, A. (2022). Bacterial Coinfections Increase Mortality of Severely Ill COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042424

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