Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in General Population of Bialystok, Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Risk Factor | Overall | 0–8 Teeth Lost | 9–28 Teeth Lost | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |||
Age | General population | 1138 | 48.8 (15.4) | 804 | 42.59 (13.0) | 334 | 63.9 (8.8) | <0.001 * |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | General population | 1138 | 26.9 (4.0) | 804 | 26.0 (4.6) | 334 | 29.1 (5.1) | <0.001 * |
20–44 | 501 | 25.2 (4.5) | 492 | 25.2 (4.5) | 9 | 27.2 (5.2) | 0.207 * | |
45–64 | 409 | 27.0 (4.9) | 258 | 27.3 (4.6) | 151 | 29.1 (5.2) | <0.001 * | |
>64 | 228 | 28.7 (4.8) | 54 | 27.6 (4.2) | 174 | 29.1 (4.9) | 0.037 ** | |
Fasting glucose blood level (mg/dL) | General population | 1134 | 101.6 (20.2) | 800 | 98.3 (16.4) | 334 | 109.4 (25.7) | <0.001 * |
20–44 | 498 | 94.9 (15.5) | 489 | 94.9 (15.6) | 9 | 95.3 (8.1) | 0.75 * | |
45–64 | 409 | 104.6 (18.9) | 258 | 103.5 (16.6) | 151 | 106.5 (22.2) | 0.288 * | |
>64 | 227 | 110.9 (26.1) | 53 | 104.8 (13.9) | 174 | 112.7 (28.5) | 0.044 * | |
Duration of smoking (years) | General population | 586 | 17.5 (13.0) | 389 | 12.4 (8.9) | 197 | 27.5 (14.0) | <0.001 * |
20–44 | 257 | 10.2 (6.9) | 252 | 10.1 (6.8) | 5 | 17.2 (4.1) | 0.02 * | |
45–64 | 208 | 21.4 (12.5) | 114 | 16.9 (10.6) | 94 | 26.8 (12.6) | <0.001 * | |
>64 | 121 | 26.2 (15.4) | 23 | 15.6 (10.1) | 98 | 28.6 (15.5) | <0.001 * |
Risk Factor | Overall N (%) | 0–8 Teeth Lost N (%) | 9–28 Teeth Lost N (%) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | General population | n = 1138 | n = 804 | n = 334 | |
male | 503 (44.2) | 374 (46.5) | 129 (38.6) | 0.015 | |
female | 635 (55.8) | 430 (53.5) | 205 (61.4) | ||
20–44 | n = 501 | n = 492 | n = 9 | ||
male | 238 (47.5) | 233 (47.4) | 5 (55.6) | 0.626 | |
female | 263 (52.5) | 259 (52.6) | 4 (44.4) | ||
45–64 | n = 409 | n = 258 | n = 151 | ||
male | 169 (41.3) | 114 (44.2) | 55 (36.4) | 0.626 | |
female | 240 (58.7) | 144 (55.8) | 96 (63.6) | ||
>64 | n = 228 | n = 54 | n = 174 | ||
male | 96 (42.1) | 27 (50.0) | 69 (39.7) | 0.179 | |
female | 132 (57.9) | 27 (50.0) | 105 (60.3) | ||
Education level | General population | n = 801 | n = 602 | n = 199 | |
secondary | 333 (41.6) | 199 (33.1) | 134 (67.3) | <0.001 | |
university | 468 (58.4) | 403 (66.9) | 65 (32.7) | ||
20–44 | n = 384 | n = 376 | n = 8 | ||
secondary | 124 (32.3) | 120 (31.9) | 4 (50.0) | 0.279 | |
university | 260 (67.7) | 256 (68.1) | 4 (50.0) | ||
45–64 | n = 277 | n = 190 | n = 87 | ||
secondary | 123 (44.4) | 65 (34.2) | 58 (66.7) | <0.001 | |
university | 154 (55.6) | 125 (65.8) | 29 (33.3) | ||
>64 | n = 140 | n = 36 | n = 104 | ||
secondary | 86 (61.4) | 14 (38.9) | 72 (69.2) | 0.001 | |
university | 54 (38.6) | 22 (61.1) | 32 (30.8) | ||
Smoking status (NS/FS/CS) | General population | n = 1138 | n = 804 | n = 334 | |
Never smoker | 489 (43.0) | 375 (46.6) | 114 (34.1) | 0.001 | |
Former smoker | 416 (36.5) | 273 (34.0) | 143 (42.8) | ||
Current smoker | 233 (20.5) | 156 (19.4) | 77 (23.1) | ||
20–44 | n = 501 | n = 492 | n = 9 | ||
Never smoker | 215 (42.9) | 211 (42.9) | 4 (44.5) | 0.695 | |
Former smoker | 168 (33.5) | 166 (33.7) | 2 (22.2) | ||
Current smoker | 118 (23.6) | 115 (23.4) | 3 (33.3) | ||
45–64 | n = 409 | n = 258 | n = 151 | ||
Never smoker | 178 (43.5) | 133 (51.5) | 45 (29.8) | <0.001 | |
Former smoker | 144 (35.2) | 84 (32.6) | 60 (39.7) | ||
Current smoker | 87 (21.3) | 41 (15.9) | 46 (30.5) | ||
>64 | n = 228 | n = 54 | n = 174 | ||
Never smoker | 96 (42.1) | 31 (57.4) | 65 (37.3) | 0.002 | |
Former smoker | 104 (45.6) | 23 (42.6) | 81 (46.6) | ||
Current smoker | 28 (12.3) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (16.1) | ||
Smoking status (NS/ES) | General population | n = 1138 | n = 804 | n = 334 | |
Never smoker | 489 (43.0) | 375 (46.6) | 114 (34.1) | <0.001 | |
Ever smoker | 649 (57.0) | 429 (53.4) | 220 (65.9) | ||
20–44 | n = 501 | n = 492 | n = 9 | ||
Never smoker | 215 (42.9) | 211 (42.9) | 4 (44.4) | 0.925 | |
Ever smoker | 286 (57.1) | 281 (57.1) | 5 (55.6) | ||
45–64 | n = 409 | n = 258 | n = 151 | ||
Never smoker | 178 (43.5) | 133 (51.6) | 45 (29.8) | <0.001 | |
Ever smoker | 231 (56.5) | 125 (48.4) | 106 (70.2) | ||
>64 | n = 228 | n = 54 | n = 174 | ||
Never smoker | 96 (42.1) | 31 (57.4) | 65 (37.4) | 0.009 | |
Ever smoker | 132 (57.9) | 23 (42.6) | 109 (62.6) | ||
Frequency of tooth brushing | General population | n = 1096 | n = 781 | n = 315 | |
less than two times per day | 180 (16.4) | 113 (14.5) | 67 (21.3) | 0.006 | |
two times per day or more | 916 (83.6) | 668 (85.5) | 248 (78.7) | ||
20–44 | n = 489 | n = 480 | n = 9 | ||
less than two times per day | 70 (14.3) | 69 (14.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0.782 | |
two times per day or more | 419 (85.7) | 411 (85.6) | 8 (88.9) | ||
45–64 | n = 391 | n = 250 | n = 141 | ||
less than two times per day | 57 (14.6) | 34 (13.6) | 23 (16.3) | 0.466 | |
two times per day or more | 334 (85.4) | 216 (86.4) | 118 (83.7) | ||
>64 | n = 216 | n = 51 | n = 165 | ||
less than two times per day | 53 (24.5) | 10 (19.6) | 43 (26.1) | 0.349 | |
two times per day or more | 163 (75.5) | 41 (80.4) | 122 (73.9) | ||
Time of last dental visit | General population | n = 1113 | n = 790 | n = 323 | |
within last 6 months | 539 (48.4) | 404 (51.1) | 135 (41.8) | <0.001 | |
between last 6 and 12 month | 234 (21.0) | 179 (22.7) | 55 (17.0) | ||
longer than 12 months | 340 (30.6) | 207 (26.2) | 133 (41.2) | ||
20–44 | n = 492 | n = 483 | n = 9 | ||
within last 6 months | 247 (50.2) | 241 (49.9) | 6 (66.7) | 0.5 | |
between last 6 and 12 month | 110 (22.4) | 108 (22.4) | 2 (22.2) | ||
longer than 12 months | 135 (27.4) | 134 (27.7) | 1 (11.1) | ||
45–64 | n = 402 | n = 255 | n = 147 | ||
within last 6 months | 203 (50.5) | 134 (52.6) | 69 (46.9) | 0.099 | |
between last 6 and 12 month | 90 (22.4) | 61 (23.9) | 29 (19.7) | ||
longer than 12 months | 109 (27.1) | 60 (23.5) | 49 (33.4) | ||
>64 | n = 219 | n = 52 | n = 167 | ||
within last 6 months | 89 (40.6) | 29 (55.8) | 60 (35.9) | 0.007 | |
between last 6 and 12 month | 34 (15.5) | 10 (19.2) | 24 (14.4) | ||
longer than 12 months | 96 (43.9) | 13 (25.0) | 83 (49.7) |
Risk Factor | No. (%) Participants | OR (95% Cl) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | male | 129 (38.62) | 1 | |
female | 205 (61.38) | 1.38 (1.07–1.79) | 0.015 | |
Education level | university | 65 (32.66) | 1 | |
secondary | 134 (47.34) | 4.18 (2.97–5.87) | 0.000 | |
Smoking status (NS/FS/CS) | NS | 114 (34.13) | 1 | |
FS | 143 (42.81) | 1.72 (1.29–2.31) | 0.000 | |
CS | 77 (23.05) | 1.62 (1.15–2.29) | 0.006 | |
Smoking status (NS/ES) | NS | 114 (34.13) | 1 | |
ES | 220 (65.87) | 1.69 (1.29–2.20) | 0.000 | |
Frequency of tooth brushing | two times per day or more | 248 (78.73) | 1 | |
less than two times per day | 67 (21.27) | 1.6 (1.14–2.23) | 0.006 | |
Time of last dental visit | within last 6 months | 135 (41.8) | 1 | |
between last 6 and 12 month | 55 (17.02) | 0.92 (0.64–1.32) | 0.067 | |
longer than 12 months | 133 (41.18) | 1.92 (1.44–2.58) | 0.000 | |
Body mass index | 334 (100) | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) | 0.000 | |
Fasting glucose blood level | 334 (100) | 1.03 (1.03–1.04) | 0.000 | |
Duration of smoking | 197 (100) | 1.11 (1.09–1.14) | 0.000 |
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Gabiec, K.; Bagińska, J.; Łaguna, W.; Rodakowska, E.; Kamińska, I.; Stachurska, Z.; Dubatówka, M.; Kondraciuk, M.; Kamiński, K.A. Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in General Population of Bialystok, Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042369
Gabiec K, Bagińska J, Łaguna W, Rodakowska E, Kamińska I, Stachurska Z, Dubatówka M, Kondraciuk M, Kamiński KA. Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in General Population of Bialystok, Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(4):2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042369
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabiec, Katarzyna, Joanna Bagińska, Wojciech Łaguna, Ewa Rodakowska, Inga Kamińska, Zofia Stachurska, Marlena Dubatówka, Marcin Kondraciuk, and Karol Adam Kamiński. 2022. "Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in General Population of Bialystok, Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4: 2369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042369