Temporal Associations between Actigraphy-Measured Daytime Movement Behaviors and Nap Sleep in Early Childhood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Likelihood of Napping
3.3. Nap Duration and Sleep Efficiency
3.4. Next Day Movement Behaviors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Range | |
---|---|---|---|
General characteristics | |||
Age (months) | 51.0 (9.6) | 33 to 70 | |
Sex (female) | 130 (43.6) | - | |
Socioeconomic status (score: 0 to 7) | 4.5 (2.0) | 2 to 7 | |
Race | |||
White | 183 (61.3) | - | |
Black/African American | 26 (8.7) | - | |
Asian | 13 (4.4) | - | |
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 2 (0.7) | - | |
Two or more racial groups | 34 (11.4) | - | |
Other | 21 (7.1) | - | |
Missing | 19 (6.4) | - | |
Hispanic | |||
Yes | 79 (69.5) | - | |
No | 207 (26.5) | - | |
Missing | 12 (4.0) | - | |
Nap sleep | |||
Duration (min) * | 91.7 (25.9) | 24.6 to 221 | |
Efficiency (%) | 85.2 (10.6) | 37.5 to 98 | |
Frequency (#/week) | 3.7 (2.0) | 0 to 7 | |
Daytime movement behaviors | |||
Sedentary time (%) | 41.8 (7.6) | 18.3 to 65.4 | |
Total physical activity (counts/min) | 565.73 (104.24) | 278.69 to 1025.68 | |
Morning movement behaviors ** | |||
Sedentary time (%) | 39.6 (8.6) | 14.3 to 70.0 | |
Total physical activity (counts/min) | 579.59 (115.26) | 247.29 to 1049.63 | |
Overnight sleep | |||
Duration (min) | 570.31 (40.1) | 4660.15 to 690.97 | |
Efficiency (%) | 88.3 (3.4) | 78.5 to 95.5 |
Next Day Nap | Same Day Nap | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (SE) | 95% CI | OR (SE) | 95% CI | |
Models with sedentary time | ||||
Sedentary time | 1.00 (0.009) | 0.98 to 1.0 | 0.96 (0.009) | 0.94 to 0.98 |
Night sleep | 0.99 (0.001) | 0.99 to 1.0 | 0.99 (0.002) | 0.99 to 1.0 |
Day | 0.94 (0.02) | 0.91 to 0.98 | 0.93 (0.02) | 0.90 to 0.97 |
Age | 0.94 (0.01) | 0.92 to 0.97 | 0.94 (0.01) | 0.92 to 0.97 |
SES | 0.93 (0.05) | 0.84 to 1.0 | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.79 to 0.99 |
Sex | 0.90 (0.19) | 0.59 to 1.4 | 0.92 (0.22) | 0.58 to 1.5 |
Intercept | 1.47 (0.22) | - | 1.67 | - |
Models with physical activity | ||||
Physical activity | 0.99 (0.0008) | 0.99 to 1.00 | 10.01 (0.0007) | 1.001 to 1.004 |
Night sleep | 0.99 (0.001) | 0.99 to 1.0 | 0.99 (0.001) | 0.99 to 1.00 |
Day | 0.94 (0.02) | 0.91 to 0.98 | 0.93 (0.02) | 0.90 to 0.97 |
Age | 0.95 (0.01) | 0.93 to 0.97 | 0.95 (0.01) | 0.92 to 0.97 |
SES | 0.93 (0.05) | 0.84 to 1.1 | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.79 to 1.0 |
Sex | 0.90 (0.19) | 0.60 to 1.4 | 0.98 (0.22) | 0.63 to 1.52 |
Intercept | 1.49 (0.23) | - | 1.6 (0.27) | - |
Nap Duration | Nap Sleep Efficiency | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. (SE) | 95% CI | Coef. (SE) | 95% CI | |
Models with sedentary time | ||||
Model 1 | ||||
Previous day’s sedentary time | 0.29 (0.22) | −0.12 to 0.72 | 0.02 (0.08) | −0.13 to 0.19 |
Previous night’s sleep | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.04 to 0.07 | −0.002 (0.01) | −0.03 to 0.02 |
Day | 0.17 (0.37) | −0.55 to 0.89 | 0.02 (0.15) | −0.28 to 0.32 |
Age | −0.42 (0.19) | −0.70 to −0.05 | −0.21 (0.09) | −0.38 to −0.04 |
SES | −1.7 (0.93) | −3.4 to 0.15 | −0.48 (0.43) | −1.3 to 0.36 |
Sex | −1.8 (3.6) | −8.9 to 5.2 | −0.10 (1.7) | −3.4 to 3.2 |
Intercept | 93.4 (2.6) | - | 85.5 (1.2) | - |
Model 2 | ||||
Morning sedentary time | 0.17 (0.19) | −0.20 to 0.53 | 0.03 (0.07) | −0.11 to 0.17 |
Previous night’s sleep | 0.0007 (0.03) | −0.05 to 0.06 | −0.002 (0.012) | −0.03 to 0.02 |
Day | 0.42 (0.34) | −0.24 to 1.1 | 0.07 (0.14) | −0.21 to 0.35 |
Age | −0.46 (0.18) | −0.81 to −0.12 | −0.19 (0.09) | −0.36 to −0.01 |
SES | −1.6 (.86) | −3.3 to 0.07 | 0.54 (0.44) | −1.4 to 0.31 |
Sex | −1.3 (3.3) | −7.9 to 5.2 | −0.26 (1.7) | −3.6 to 3.1 |
Intercept | 92.6 (2.4) | - | 85.7 (1.2) | - |
Models with physical activity | ||||
Model 1 | ||||
Previous day’s physical activity | −0.02 (0.16) | −0.05 to 0.007 | −0.003 (0.007) | −0.02 to 0.01 |
Previous night’s sleep | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.04 to 0.07 | −0.004 (0.01) | −0.03 to 0.02 |
Day | 0.19 (0.37) | −0.53 to 0.91 | 0.04 (0.15) | −0.26 to 0.02 |
Age | −0.42 (0.19) | −0.79 to −0.05 | −0.21 (0.09) | −0.38 to −0.04 |
SES | −1.7 (0.93) | −3.5 to 0.11 | −0.46 (.43) | −1.3 to 0.38 |
Sex | −1.5 (3.6) | −8.6 to 5.6 | −0.13 (1.7) | −3.4 to 3.2 |
Intercept | 93.1 (2.6) | - | 85.5 (1.2) | - |
Model 2 | ||||
Morning physical activity | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.05 to 0.007 | −0.006 (0.006) | −0.02 to 0.006 |
Previous night’s sleep | 0.004 (0.03) | −0.05 to 0.06 | −0.002 (0.01) | −0.03 to 0.02 |
Day | 0.36 (0.34) | −0.31 to 1.0 | 0.08 (0.14) | −0.19 to 0.36 |
Age | −0.48 (0.18) | −0.82 to −0.13 | −0.18 (0.09) | −0.36 to −0.01 |
SES | −1.7 (0.87) | −3.4 to −0.01 | −0.49 (0.44) | −0.13 to 0.37 |
Sex | −1.9 (3.4) | −8.6 to 4.7 | −0.68 (1.7) | −4.1 to 2.7 |
Intercept | 93.2 (2.5) | - | 85.9 (1.3) | - |
Sedentary Time | Physical Activity | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coef (SE) | 95% CI | Coef (SE) | 95% CI | |
Previous day nap occurrence | −2.09 (0.57) | −3.2 to −0.99 | 25.8 (6.9) | 12.3 to 39.3 |
Previous night’s sleep | −0.006 (0.005) | −0.02 to 0.003 | 0.10 (0.06) | −0.006 to 0.22 |
Day | 0.08 (0.06) | −0.04 to 0.21 | −0.37 (0.76) | −1.9 to 1.1 |
Age | −0.12 (0.06) | −0.23 to −0.02 | 2.5 (0.72) | 1.1 to 3.9 |
SES | −0.46 (0.27) | −0.98 to 0.07 | 1.1 (3.5) | −5.7 to 7.9 |
Sex | −0.96 (1.1) | −3.0 to 1.1 | 45.9 (13.8) | 18.8 to 73.0 |
Intercept | 42.7 (0.76) | - | 539.76 (9.86) | - |
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St. Laurent, C.W.; Holmes, J.F.; Spencer, R.M.C. Temporal Associations between Actigraphy-Measured Daytime Movement Behaviors and Nap Sleep in Early Childhood. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215308
St. Laurent CW, Holmes JF, Spencer RMC. Temporal Associations between Actigraphy-Measured Daytime Movement Behaviors and Nap Sleep in Early Childhood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215308
Chicago/Turabian StyleSt. Laurent, Christine W., Jennifer F. Holmes, and Rebecca M. C. Spencer. 2022. "Temporal Associations between Actigraphy-Measured Daytime Movement Behaviors and Nap Sleep in Early Childhood" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15308. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215308