Parents’ Experiences of Direct and Indirect Implications of Sleep Quality on the Health of Children with ADHD: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Ability
3.1.1. Controlling Emotional Behaviour
If she hasn’t slept well, you notice that she’s more tired and grumpy. Not as cooperative. She doesn’t want to do as we say. But then she’s very, very stubborn in any case, most of the time. It gets 10 times worse if she hasn’t slept properly.(Parent no. 7)
The days go by. It’s not a constant battle all the time about what to do or any argument; rather, you complement each other more at home, including the children. NN can be involved in activities that one has planned for oneself, it’s not just focusing and planning around him, because that’s how it was for a while. You prepared everything so it wouldn’t turn into a conflict or so he wouldn’t get angry. Now that he can handle setbacks, it’s easier to slow down, oneself, and take it a bit more as it comes.(Parent no. 21)
I think that it (sleep) means a lot, I think that with poorer sleep he would have been angrier, and when he’s angrier he gets more hyperactive, and then he gets unsettled and then he’ll do something stupid, and then it creates a bit of anxiety, so I think it has a great impact.(Parent no. 17)
She loses touch with reality completely. It’s all about her at that moment, everything is focused on her. She can’t consider anyone else in that situation, it’s just panic all over. It’s obvious when you’re looking at her.(Parent no. 10)
3.1.2. Managing Everyday Life
You can do more things together because he has more strength, more energy and a greater desire to do things. A lot of the time he wants to come along when you’re going somewhere. I can’t take more than a few steps outside the door before “Mum, I want to come along”. He wants to help out more. It used to be a burden having to do a lot of things by ourselves. Now we get a break when he wants to help out. Come along to the shop and carry groceries and things like that.(Parent no. 15)
Even if he is unsettled the next day, he would probably have been even more worried if he hadn’t had any sleep. So, it still feels like you’re helping, helping him with mental recovery and balance, as much balance that you can have when you’re seven and have ADHD, but it becomes a tool that can help him to function better.(Parent no. 17)
I think that he would be able to manage the surrounding world. Have better margins, and better ability to concentrate with better sleep. I’m thinking that it’s connected to learning as well. I think sleep is really important. So, all the bits of the puzzle, so to speak. You must combine all the factors to make it work.(Parent no. 2)
3.2. Well-Being
3.2.1. Feeling Vital
He falls asleep at a reasonable time and gets up by himself in the morning and sort of wakes me up and asks when he has to go to school. He thinks that school was fun today. Yesterday he said that school is fun. One can tell that something has changed.(Parent no. 12)
I think that, at school, she holds it all together, as well as she can. But when she gets home, then she’s ready to drop. So it’s mainly at home that it will come out. But I definitely think it has an effect, everything is much harder in a way. With concentration and holding it together and interacting with friends, everything gets so much harder.(Parent no. 8)
You can sit and talk to him in different way, just like he has woken up, somehow. Matured, probably, it feels like that. But sensing that sleep affects so much as a whole, both brain and body. That he is present in a different way.(Parent no. 3)
[She] started to hang out so much more with friends. Before it was more like, after school, she just wanted to lie in bed and take it easy and play a little bit. But now she hardly has time to sit still, she wants to do things.(Parent no. 9)
But if you’re not really tired, then it’s easy for your thoughts to wander, it spins and spins and you keep thinking, then you can’t really sleep. My experience is that if you exhaust yourself properly and let the body work regularly you will fall asleep easier, it will happen quicker, and you’ll sleep better. It’s a win-win.(Parent no. 19)
I can see above all that his worry is…that is what I’m basing this on. That it’s such a difference. […] It’s gone. It’s kind of, well, almost completely gone all day, I can say. Otherwise, he can be, not what I would call worried, but energy stressed. But this worrying over everything.(Parent no. 3)
He used to move around a lot in the bed, and then he was completely knackered at night, and then we had a messy night. And then we had that cycle every day, every night.(Parent no. 17)
3.2.2. Experiencing Self-Esteem
But it’s not that many days now that you get the call from school anymore. […]. It used to be more often and then it was really, we have even sat down with the school, and what are we going to do so she can cope all day.(Parent no. 5)
Yes, he loves to play with Lego, for example. After getting a good night’s sleep he can sit by himself for ages, but if he’s tired or hungry, then he gets grumpy over the slightest thing. He has a harder time understanding the instructions and finds it harder to focus. You can see, when he’s alert, that he thinks things over before letting the feelings come up.(Parent no. 14)
But one thing that has become problematic is that everyone is having sleepovers more often. He wanted to have a sleepover but didn’t manage to do it. It has become difficult for him. It has really been driving this, that we’re now trying to get him closer to being able to fall asleep by himself.(Parent no. 4)
4. Discussion
4.1. Ability
4.2. Well-Being
4.3. Methodological Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Parents (n = 21) |
---|---|
Sex, female/male (n) | 16/5 |
Age in years, median (range) | 39 (32–48) |
Civil Status, co-habiting/living alone (n) | 17/4 |
Educational level, lower secondary/upper secondary/university (n) | 2/8/11 |
Employment, full time/part-time/unemployed/sick leave (n) | 12/7/1/1 |
Native-born/foreign-born (n) | 19/2 |
Place of residence, city/countryside (n) | 7/14 |
Age of the child in years, median (range) | 9 (6–13) |
Sex of the child, female/male (n) | 8/11 |
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Harris, U.; Svedberg, P.; Aili, K.; Nygren, J.M.; Larsson, I. Parents’ Experiences of Direct and Indirect Implications of Sleep Quality on the Health of Children with ADHD: A Qualitative Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215099
Harris U, Svedberg P, Aili K, Nygren JM, Larsson I. Parents’ Experiences of Direct and Indirect Implications of Sleep Quality on the Health of Children with ADHD: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215099
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarris, Ulrika, Petra Svedberg, Katarina Aili, Jens M. Nygren, and Ingrid Larsson. 2022. "Parents’ Experiences of Direct and Indirect Implications of Sleep Quality on the Health of Children with ADHD: A Qualitative Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215099