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Article

Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial

by
Chaofan Li
1,2,
Nengliang Yao
1,2,3,
Stephanie L. Miller
4,
Christopher Macpherson
4,
Taryn Hassinger
5,
Kaitlin Love
6 and
Steven K. Malin
4,7,8,9,10,*
1
Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
2
NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
3
Division of General Medicine, Geriatrics & Palliative Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
4
Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
5
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
6
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
7
Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
8
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
9
New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
10
Institute of Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6647; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116647
Submission received: 25 March 2022 / Revised: 24 May 2022 / Accepted: 27 May 2022 / Published: 29 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Exercise and Chronic Disease)
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Abstract

Background: Although Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes (RNC) are suggested to improve smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health in relation to cancer risk, the effectiveness of exercise training with RNC on smoking cessation and cardiometabolic health is unknown. Methods: Female smokers (N = 27) were randomized to: (1) usual nicotine cigarettes (i.e., control), (2) RNC or (3) RNC plus exercise treatment for 12 weeks. Smoking withdrawal symptoms (e.g., Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale) and cardiometabolic health (e.g., weight, VO2max, resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER), glucose, HOMA-IR) were examined before and after treatment. Results: Treatments had no differential effect on weight (p = 0.80; partial η2 = 0.29), VO2max (p = 0.20, partial η2 = 0.18), or total cholesterol/HDL ratios (p = 0.59, partial η2 = 0.06). However, RNC + Exercise tended to maintain RER (i.e., fat oxidation; p = 0.10, partial η2 = 0.10) as well as insulin resistance (p = 0.13, partial η2 = 0.25) and cortisol compared (p = 0.06, partial η2 = 0.30) with control and RNC. Increased VO2max was also associated with lower nicotine dependence scores (r = −0.50, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this pilot study, improved fitness was associated with lower nicotine dependence. Additional work is warranted to examine the effects of exercise in smokers as a tool to improving smoking cessation and lower disease risk.
Keywords: physical activity; smoking cessation; insulin resistance; obesity; cardiovascular disease physical activity; smoking cessation; insulin resistance; obesity; cardiovascular disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, C.; Yao, N.; Miller, S.L.; Macpherson, C.; Hassinger, T.; Love, K.; Malin, S.K. Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116647

AMA Style

Li C, Yao N, Miller SL, Macpherson C, Hassinger T, Love K, Malin SK. Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116647

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Chaofan, Nengliang Yao, Stephanie L. Miller, Christopher Macpherson, Taryn Hassinger, Kaitlin Love, and Steven K. Malin. 2022. "Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116647

APA Style

Li, C., Yao, N., Miller, S. L., Macpherson, C., Hassinger, T., Love, K., & Malin, S. K. (2022). Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116647

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