Association of Self-Reported and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life among European Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- López-Torres, O.; del Pozo-Cruz, B.; Maroto-Sánchez, B.; Vila-Maldonado, S.; Gómez-Cabello, A.; Martín-García, M.; González-Agüero, A.; Gusi, N.; Espino, L.; Casajús, J.A.; et al. Does fitness attenuate the relationship between changes in sitting time and health-related quality of life over time in community-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the EXERNET multicenter longitudinal study. Qual. Life Res. 2019, 28, 3259–3266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gennuso, K.P.; Gangnon, R.E.; Matthews, C.E.; Thraen-Borowski, K.M.; Colbert, L.H. Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Markers of Health in Older Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2013, 45, 1493–1500. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- He, W.; Goodkind, D.; Kowal, P. An Aging World: 2015. Int. Popul. Rep. 2016, 16, 95. [Google Scholar]
- Federal Office of Statistics of Germany. German Population by 2060; Federal Statistical Office: Wiesbaden, Germany, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Tremblay, M.S.; Aubert, S.; Barnes, J.D.; Saunders, T.J.; Carson, V.; Latimer-Cheung, A.E.; Chastin, S.F.M.; Altenburg, T.M.; Chinapaw, M.J.M.; On Behalf of Sbrn Terminology Consensus Project Participants. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN)—Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2017, 14, 75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Boberska, M.; Szczuka, Z.; Kruk, M.; Knoll, N.; Keller, J.; Hohl, D.H.; Luszczynska, A. Sedentary behaviours and health-related quality of life. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol. Rev. 2018, 12, 195–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, J.; Im, J.S.; Choi, Y.H. Objectively measured sedentary behavior and moderate-tovigorous physical activity on the health-related quality of life in US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. Qual. Life Res. 2017, 26, 1315–1326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, T.T.; Azzani, M.; Adewale, A.P.; Thangiah, N.; Zainol, R.; Majid, H. Physical activity and health-related quality of life among low-income adults in metropolitan kuala lumpur. J. Epidemiol. 2019, 29, 43–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Withall, J.; Stathi, A.; Davis, M.; Coulson, J.; Thompson, J.L.; Fox, K.R. Objective indicators of physical activity and sedentary time and associations with subjective well-being in adults aged 70 and over. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 643–656. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wilson, J.J.; Blackburn, N.E.; O’Reilly, R.; Kee, F.; Caserotti, P.; Tully, M.A. Association of objective sedentary behaviour and self-rated health in English older adults. BMC Res. Notes 2019, 12, 12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Liposcki, D.B.; da Silva Nagata, I.F.; Silvano, G.A.; Zanella, K.; Schneider, R.H. Influence of a Pilates exercise program on the quality of life of sedentary elderly people: A randomized clinical trial. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther. 2019, 23, 390–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tew, G.A.; Howsam, J.; Hardy, M.; Bissell, L. Adapted yoga to improve physical function and health-related quality of life in physically-inactive older adults: A randomised controlled pilot trial. BMC Geriatr. 2017, 17, 131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, M.; Lee, M.; Jung, D.; Lee, M.-J. Physical activity, quality of life and successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2017, 64, 396–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ziółkowski, A.; Błachnio, A.; Pąchalska, M. An evaluation of life satisfaction and health—Quality of life of senior citizens. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2015, 22, 147–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cunningham, C.; O’ Sullivan, R.; Caserotti, P.; Tully, M.A. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2020, 30, 816–827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, Y.-H.; Chen, Y.-C.; Tseng, Y.-C.; Tsai, S.-T. Physical activity and successful aging among middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Aging 2020, 12, 7704–7716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Lee, E. The association between elderly people’s sedentary behaviors and their health-related quality of life: Focusing on comparing the young-old and the old-old. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2019, 17, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Saunders, T.J.; McIsaac, T.; Douillette, K.; Gaulton, N.; Hunter, S.; Rhodes, R.E.; Prince, S.A.; Carson, V.; Chaput, J.P.; Chastin, S.; et al. Sedentary behaviour and health in adults: An overview of systematic reviews. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2020, 45, S197–S217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Palomino-Devia, C.; Reyes-Oyola, F.A.; Sánchez-Oliver, A. Levels of physical activity, health-related quality of life, physical self-concept and body-mass index among Colombian students. Biomedica 2018, 38, 224–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ge, Y.; Xin, S.; Luan, D.; Zou, Z.; Liu, M.; Bai, X.; Gao, Q. Association of physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration on the health-related quality of life of college students in Northeast China. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2019, 17, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Heesch, K.C.; Hill, R.L.; Aguilar-Farias, N.; Van Uffelen, J.G.Z.; Pavey, T. Validity of objective methods for measuring sedentary behaviour in older adults: A systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2018, 15, 1–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chigateri, N.G.; Kerse, N.; Wheeler, L.; MacDonald, B.; Klenk, J. Validation of an accelerometer for measurement of activity in frail older people. Gait Posture 2018, 66, 114–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Matthews, C.E.; Hagstromer, M.; Pober, D.M.; Bowles, H.R. Best practices for using physical activity monitors in population-based research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2012, 44, S68–S76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Giné-Garriga, M.; Coll-Planas, L.; Guerra, M.; Domingo, À.; Roqué, M.; Caserotti, P.; Denkinger, M.; Rothenbacher, D.; Tully, M.A.; Kee, F.; et al. The SITLESS project: Exercise referral schemes enhanced by self-management strategies to battle sedentary behaviour in older adults: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017, 18, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Rosenberg, D.E.; Norman, G.J.; Wagner, N.; Patrick, K.; Calfas, K.J.; Sallis, J.F. Reliability and Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for Adults. J. Phys. Act. Health 2010, 7, 697–705. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hurtig-Wennlf, A.; Hagstrmer, M.; Olsson, L.A. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire modified for the elderly: Aspects of validity and feasibility. Public Health Nutr. 2010, 13, 1847–1854. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sansano-Nadal, O.; Wilson, J.J.; Martín-Borràs, C.; Brønd, J.C.; Skjødt, M.; Caserotti, P.; Figuls, M.R.I.; Blackburn, N.E.; Klenk, J.; Rothenbacher, D.; et al. Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire in European Older Adults Using English, Spanish, German and Danish Versions. Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci. 2021, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lines, R.L.; Ntoumanis, N.; Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C.; McVeigh, J.A.; Ducker, K.J.; Fletcher, D.; Gucciardi, D.F. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2020, 23, 831–835. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Urda, J.L.; Larouere, B.; Verba, S.D.; Lynn, J.S. Comparison of subjective and objective measures of office workers’ sedentary time. Prev. Med. Rep. 2017, 8, 163–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gilbert, A.L.; Lee, J.; Ma, M.; Semanik, P.A.; DiPietro, L.; Dunlop, D.D.; Chang, R.W. Comparison of subjective and objective measures of sedentary behavior using the Yale Physical Activity Survey and accelerometry in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Phys. Act. Health 2016, 13, 371–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Aguilar-Farías, N.; Brown, W.; Olds, T.S.; Peeters, G.G. Validity of self-report methods for measuring sedentary behaviour in older adults. J. Sci. Med. Sport 2014, 18, 662–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hart, T.L.; Ainsworth, B.E.; Tudor-Locke, C. Objective and subjective measures of sedentary behavior and physical activity. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2011, 43, 449–456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ainsworth, B.; Cahalin, L.; Buman, M.; Ross, R. The Current State of Physical Activity Assessment Tools. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2015, 57, 387–395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ware, J.E.; Kosinski, M.; Keller, S.D. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of Scales and Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity. Med. Care 1996, 34, 220–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Thiel, D.M.; Al Sayah, F.; Vallance, J.K.; Johnson, S.T.; Johnson, J.A. Association between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Can. J. Diabetes 2017, 41, 58–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Choi, L.; Liu, Z.; Matthews, C.E.; Buchowski, M.S. Validation of accelerometer wear and nonwear time classification algorithm. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2011, 43, 357–364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Migueles, J.H.; Cadenas-Sanchez, C.; Ekelund, U.; Delisle Nyström, C.; Mora-Gonzalez, J.; Löf, M.; Labayen, I.; Ruiz, J.R.; Ortega, F.B. Accelerometer Data Collection and Processing Criteria to Assess Physical Activity and Other Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Practical Considerations. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1821–1845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Troiano, R.P.; Berrigan, D.; Dodd, K.W.; Mâsse, L.C.; Tilert, T.; Mcdowell, M. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2008, 40, 181–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Byrom, B.; Stratton, G.; Mc Carthy, M.; Muehlhausen, W. Objective measurement of sedentary behaviour using accelerometers. Int. J. Obes. 2016, 40, 1809–1812. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Akoglu, H. User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turk. J. Emerg. Med. 2018, 18, 91–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wardoku, R.; Blair, C.; Demmer, R.; Prizment, A. Association between physical inactivity and health-related quality of life in adults with coronary heart disease. Maturitas 2019, 128, 36–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gavilán-Carrera, B.; Segura-Jiménez, V.; Estévez-López, F.; Álvarez-Gallardo, I.C.; Soriano-Maldonado, A.; Borges-Cosic, M.; Herrador-Colmenero, M.; Acosta-Manzano, P.; Delgado-Fernández, M. Association of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with health-related quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: The al-Ándalus project. J. Sport Health Sci. 2019, 8, 258–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davis, M.G.; Fox, K.R.; Stathi, A.; Trayers, T.; Thompson, J.L.; Cooper, A.R. Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and its Association With Physical Function in Older Adults. J. Aging Phys. Act. 2014, 22, 474–481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lai, T.-F.; Liao, Y.; Lin, C.-Y.; Huang, W.-C.; Hsueh, M.-C.; Chan, D.-C. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration is more important than timing for physical function in older adults. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keevil, V.L.; Cooper, A.J.M.; Wijndaele, K.; Luben, R.; Wareham, N.J.; Brage, S.; Khaw, K.T. Objective Sedentary Time, Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, and Physical Capability in a British Cohort. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016, 48, 421–429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gebel, K.; Ding, D.; Bauman, A.E. Volume and intensity of physical activity in a large population-based cohort of middle-aged and older Australians: Prospective relationships with weight gain, and physical function. Prev. Med. 2014, 60, 131–133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bampton, E.A.; Johnson, S.T.; Vallance, J.K. Profiles of resistance training behavior and sedentary time among older adults: Associations with health-related quality of life and psychosocial health. Prev. Med. Rep. 2015, 2, 773–776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ge, L.; Ong, R.; Yap, C.W.; Heng, B.H. Effects of chronic diseases on health-related quality of life and self-rated health among three adult age groups. Nurs. Health Sci. 2019, 21, 214–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davies, C.A.; Vandelanotte, C.; Duncan, M.J.; van Uffelen, J.G.Z. Associations of physical activity and screen-time on health related quality of life in adults. Prev. Med. 2012, 55, 46–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rosenberg, D.E.; Bellettiere, J.; Gardiner, P.A.; Villarreal, V.N.; Crist, K.; Kerr, J. Independent Associations between Sedentary Behaviors and Mental, Cognitive, Physical, and Functional Health among Older Adults in Retirement Communities. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Boil. Sci. Med. Sci. 2015, 71, 78–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cheak-Zamora, N.C.; Wyrwich, K.W.; McBride, T.D. Reliability and validity of the SF-12v2 in the medical expenditure panel survey. Qual. Life Res. 2009, 18, 727–735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prince, S.A.; Adamo, K.B.; Hamel, M.E.; Hardt, J.; Gorber, S.C.; Tremblay, M. A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: A systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2008, 5, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Theofilou, P. Quality of Life: Definition and Measurement. Eur. J. Psychol. 2013, 9, 150–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Overall (n = 1193) | Spain (n = 263) | Germany (n = 304) | Denmark (n = 318) | U.K. (n = 308) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 75.2 (6.2) | 75.9 (6.4) | 74.7 (6.1) | 77.3 (5.7) | 72.6 (5.5) |
Sex (women), n (%) | 733 (61.4) | 207 (78.7) | 172 (56.6) | 185 (58.2) | 169 (54.9) |
BMI, mean (SD) | 28.8 (5.2) | 28.9 (5.0) | 29.2 (5.6) | 27.3 (5.0) | 28.9 (5.0) |
BMI categories, n (%) | |||||
Underweight and normal (≤24.9 kg/m2) | 274 (23.0) | 39 (14.8) | 61 (20.1) | 106 (33.4) | 68 (22.1) |
Overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2) | 488 (40.9) | 102 (38.8) | 131 (43.1) | 129 (40.7) | 126 (40.9) |
Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 430 (36.1) | 122 (46.4 | 112 (36.8) | 82 (25.9) | 114 (37.0) |
Educational background, n (%) | |||||
Never attended school | 37 (3.1) | 35 (13.4) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | - |
Primary education | 232 (19.5) | 112 (42.9) | 9 (3.0) | 93 (29.3) | 18 (5.9) |
Secondary education | 642 (54.1) | 84 (32.2) | 217 (71.9) | 182 (57.4) | 159 (51.8) |
University | 272 (22.9) | 29 (11.1) | 74 (24.5) | 40 (12.6) | 129 (42.0) |
Unknown | 4 (0.4) | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) |
Number of current medications, mean (range) | 4.5 (0–19) | 4.8 (0–16) | 4.3 (0–16) | 3.9 (0–14) | 4.8 (0–19) |
Self-reported general health (SF-12), n (%) | |||||
Excellent | 35 (2.9) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 16 (5.0) | 17 (5.5) |
Very good | 216 (18.1) | 19 (7.2) | 24 (7.9) | 69 (21.7) | 104 (33.8) |
Good | 584 (49.0) | 116 (44.1) | 160 (52.6) | 177 (55.7) | 131 (42.5 |
Fair | 311 (26.1) | 106 (40.3) | 107 (35.2) | 51 (16.0) | 47 (15.3) |
Poor | 47 (3.9) | 21 (8.0) | 12 (3.9) | 5 (1.6) | 9 (2.9) |
Physical component (SF-12), mean (SD) | 45.0 (9.1) | 42.1 (9.4) | 43.6 (8.7) | 46.1 (8.6) | 47.6 (8.9) |
Mental component (SF-12), mean (SD) | 51.9 (8.9) | 49.7 (9.1) | 50.1 (9.3) | 54.1 (8.1) | 53.2 (8.2) |
Self-reported SB (h/d), mean (SD) | |||||
Daily sedentary time | 7.7 (2.8) | 7.4 (3.2) | 7.6 (2.4) | 7.9 (2.7) | 7.9 (2.8) |
IPAQ (h/d), mean (SD) | |||||
LPA | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.3 (1.6) | 1.0 (1.0) |
MVPA | 0.6 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.2) |
Accelerometry (h/d), mean (SD) | |||||
Daily sedentary time | 11.3 (1.3) | 11.3 (1.3) | 11.2 (1.3) | 11.7 (1.1) | 10.9 (1.1) |
Daily LPA | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.8) |
Daily MVPA | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.4 (0.3) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.5 (0.4) |
Total wear time (h/d), mean (SD) | 14.4 (1.2) | 14.2 (1.2) | 14.3 (1.2) | 14.5 (1.1) | 14.3 (1.0) |
Physical Component SF-12 | Mental Component SF-12 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Spearman’s Rho | p-Value | Spearman’s Rho | p-Value | |
Self-reported SB (SBQ) | ||||
Daily sedentary time | −0.078 ** | 0.007 | 0.033 | 0.251 |
Self-reported PA (IPAQ) | ||||
LPA | 0.091 ** | 0.002 | 0.058 * | 0.046 |
MVPA | 0.204 ** | <0.001 | 0.072 * | 0.013 |
Accelerometry | ||||
Daily Sedentary Time | −0.263 ** | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.674 |
Daily LPA | 0.168 ** | <0.001 | −0.029 | 0.319 |
Daily MVPA | 0.419 ** | <0.001 | 0.051 | 0.081 |
PCS | MCS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R2 | Non St. Beta | p-Value | R2 | Non St. Beta | p-Value | |
Model a | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.007 | <0.001 | ||
LPA (IPAQ) | 0.198 | 0.322 | 0.316 | 0.105 | ||
MVPA (IPAQ) | 0.735 | 0.002 | 0.071 | 0.763 | ||
Daily sedentary time (SBQ) | −0.313 | 0.001 | −0.200 | 0.028 | ||
Model b | 0.148 | <0.001 | 0.016 | <0.001 | ||
LPA (ActiGraph) | 0.793 | 0.019 | 0.161 | 0.647 | ||
MVPA (ActiGraph) | 10.210 | <0.001 | 2.564 | 0.003 | ||
Sedentary time (ActiGraph) | 0.637 | 0.005 | 0.880 | <0.001 | ||
Model c | 0.258 | - | <0.001 | 0.081 | - | <0.001 |
LPA (IPAQ) | −0.047 | 0.797 | 0.297 | 0.133 | ||
MVPA (IPAQ) | 0.412 | 0.063 | −0.078 | 0.748 | ||
Daily sedentary time (SBQ) | −0.244 | 0.004 | −0.220 | 0.017 | ||
Country (Denmark as reference) | ||||||
Spain | −2.284 | 0.002 | −3.464 | <0.001 | ||
UK | 1.163 | 0.103 | −0.919 | 0.237 | ||
Germany | −2.705 | <0.001 | −4.334 | <0.001 | ||
Age (years) | −0.197 | <0.001 | 0.070 | 0.120 | ||
Sex (women as reference) | ||||||
Men | 1.589 | 0.002 | 2.101 | <0.001 | ||
BMI categories (obese as reference) | ||||||
Underweight and normal | 2.666 | <0.001 | −1.515 | 0.038 | ||
Overweight | 3.226 | <0.001 | −0.070 | 0.908 | ||
Educational background (university as reference) | ||||||
Never attended school and primary | −0.650 | 0.418 | −1.778 | 0.042 | ||
Secondary | 0.045 | 0.766 | −0.225 | 0.173 | ||
Number of current medications | −0.976 | <0.001 | −0.213 | 0.010 | ||
Model d | 0.293 | - | <0.001 | 0.082 | - | <0.001 |
LPA (ActiGraph) | 0.389 | 0.244 | 0.493 | 0.187 | ||
MVPA (ActiGraph) | 6.434 | <0.001 | 1.825 | 0.011 | ||
Sedentary time (ActiGraph) | 0.284 | 0.189 | 0.109 | 0.059 | ||
Country (Denmark as reference) | ||||||
Spain | −2.728 | <0.001 | −3.373 | <0.001 | ||
UK | 0.152 | 0.831 | −1.056 | 0.184 | ||
Germany | −3.183 | <0.001 | −4.178 | <0.001 | ||
Age (years) | −0.088 | 0.040 | 0.101 | 0.034 | ||
Sex (women as reference) | ||||||
Men | 1.368 | 0.007 | 2.123 | <0.001 | ||
BMI categories (obese as reference) | ||||||
Underweight and normal | 1.623 | 0.015 | −1.663 | 0.026 | ||
Overweight | 2.511 | <0.001 | −0.245 | 0.058 | ||
Educational background (university as reference) | ||||||
Never attended school and primary | −0.492 | 0.531 | −1.667 | 0.058 | ||
Secondary | 0.086 | 0.559 | −0.218 | 0.186 | ||
Number of current medications | −0.832 | <0.001 | −0.180 | 0.035 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Sansano-Nadal, O.; Giné-Garriga, M.; Rodríguez-Roca, B.; Guerra-Balic, M.; Ferri, K.; Wilson, J.J.; Caserotti, P.; Olsen, P.Ø.; Blackburn, N.E.; Rothenbacher, D.; et al. Association of Self-Reported and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life among European Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13252. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413252
Sansano-Nadal O, Giné-Garriga M, Rodríguez-Roca B, Guerra-Balic M, Ferri K, Wilson JJ, Caserotti P, Olsen PØ, Blackburn NE, Rothenbacher D, et al. Association of Self-Reported and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life among European Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13252. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413252
Chicago/Turabian StyleSansano-Nadal, Oriol, Maria Giné-Garriga, Beatriz Rodríguez-Roca, Myriam Guerra-Balic, Kelly Ferri, Jason J. Wilson, Paolo Caserotti, Pia Øllgaard Olsen, Nicole E. Blackburn, Dietrich Rothenbacher, and et al. 2021. "Association of Self-Reported and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life among European Older Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13252. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413252