The Importance of an Emotional Expression Guide to Prevent Work-Related Health Problems in Emotional Laborers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theories
2.1. Importance of Organizational Support: Ecological Model
2.2. Perceived Organizational Support
3. Methods
3.1. Hypothesis
3.2. Study Population and Data Collection
3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Variable Measurements
3.4.1. Independent Variable
3.4.2. Dependent Variables
3.4.3. Confounding Variables
Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Working Conditions
4. Results
4.1. General Characteristics of the Study Population
4.2. Prevalence of Work-Related Health Problems According to the Existence of an Emotional Expression Guide
4.3. Correlation between Emotional Expression Guide and Work-Related Health Problems
4.4. Odds Ratio of Work-Related Health Problems in the Absence of an Emotional Expression Guide
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Classification | Total | Emotional Expression Guide | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | p-Value | |||
Sex | Male | 2094 (36.4) | 1608 (76.8) | 486 (23.2) | 0.003 |
Female | 3664 (63.6) | 2695 (76.3) | 969 (26.4) | ||
Age (years) | ≤29 | 1216 (21.1) | 904 (74.3) | 312 (25.7) | 0.542 |
30–49 | 3329 (57.8) | 2475 (74.3) | 854 (25.7) | ||
50–69 | 1181 (20.5) | 898 (76.0) | 283 (24.0) | ||
≥70 | 32 (0.6) | 26 (81.3) | 6 (18.8) | ||
Monthly Income (thousands of won) | <100 | 793 (13.8) | 611 (77.0) | 182 (23.0) | 0.214 |
100–199 | 2439 (42.4) | 1830 (7.0) | 609 (25.0) | ||
200–299 | 1462 (25.4) | 1068 (73.1) | 394 (26.9) | ||
≥300 | 1064 (18.5) | 794 (74.6) | 270 (25.4) | ||
Education | High school or less | 2750 (47.8) | 2061 (74.9) | 689 (25.1) | 0.377 |
College or university | 3008 (52.2) | 2242 (74.5) | 766 (25.5) | ||
Shift work | No | 5122 (89.0) | 3922 (76.6) | 1200 (23.4) | <0.001 |
Yes | 636 (11.0) | 381 (59.9) | 255 (40.1) | ||
Number of workers | <50 | 4580 (79.5) | 3500 (76.4) | 1080 (23.6) | <0.001 |
50–299 | 893 (15.5) | 608 (68.1) | 285 (31.9) | ||
≥300 | 285 (4.9) | 195 (68.4) | 90 (31.6) | ||
Working time (hour/week) | ≤40 | 3047 (52.9) | 2255 (52.4) | 792 (26.0) | 0.101 |
>40 | 2711 (47.1) | 2048 (75.5) | 663 (24.5) | ||
Exposed to ergonomic risk factor | Low | 1703 (29.6) | 1270 (74.6) | 433 (25.4) | 0.443 |
High | 4055 (70.4) | 3033 (74.8) | 1022 (25.2) |
Classification | Emotional Expression Guide | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||
Backache | 426 (68.7) | 194 (31.3) | 0.330 |
Upper limb muscular pain | 1048 (72.2) | 404 (27.8) | 0.118 |
Lower limb muscular pain | 710 (66.3) | 361 (33.7) | 0.002 |
Headache | 573 (67.1) | 281 (32.9) | <0.001 |
Abdominal pain | 30 (63.8) | 17 (36.2) | 0.328 |
General fatigue | 745 (67.1) | 366 (32.9) | 0.005 |
Sleep disturbance | 60 (56.6) | 46 (43.4) | 0.344 |
Depressive symptoms | 24 (60.0) | 16 (40.0) | 0.005 |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.Emotional expression guide manual | 1 | ||||||||||||||
2. Age | −0.014 | 1 | |||||||||||||
3. Monthly Income | 0.027 * | 0.165 ** | 1 | ||||||||||||
4. Shift work | 0.012 ** | −0.084 ** | 0.140 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
5. Number of workers | 0.076 ** | 0.082 ** | 0.262 ** | 0.01 | 1 | ||||||||||
6. Working time | −0.018 | −0.012 | 0.084 ** | 0.015 | −0.123 ** | 1 | |||||||||
7. Exposed to ergonomic risk factor | −0.002 | 0.138 ** | 0.256 ** | 0.114 ** | −0.108 ** | 0.138 ** | 1 | ||||||||
8. Backache | −0.02 | 0.109 * | 0.114 | 0.107 * | −0.038 | 0.207 ** | 0.233 ** | 1 | |||||||
9. Headache | −0.104 ** | 0.120 ** | 0.266 ** | 0.021 | −0.118 ** | 0.061 * | 0.009 | 0.381 ** | 1 | ||||||
10. Upper limbs muscular pain | −0.03 | 0.06 | 0.111 * | 0.054 * | −0.046 | 0.126 ** | 0.234 ** | 0.746 ** | 0.443 ** | 1 | |||||
11. Lower limbs muscular pain | −0.08 | 0.113 ** | 0.117 | 0.045 | −0.029 | 0.071 * | 0.270 ** | 0.638 ** | 0.481 ** | 0.740 ** | 1 | ||||
12. Abdominal Pain | −0.052 | 0.21 | 0.284 | 0.036 | −0.099 | 0.104 | 0.182 * | 0.532 ** | 0.521 ** | 0.344 ** | 0.411 ** | 1 | |||
13. General fatigue | −0.073 ** | 0.051 * | 0.167 ** | 0.060 ** | −0.040 * | 0.092 ** | 0.339 ** | 0.171 ** | 0.027 | 0.165 ** | 0.137 ** | 0.019 | 1 | ||
14. Sleep disturbance | −0.042 | 0.128 | 0.294 | 0.049 | −0.081 | 0.170 * | 0.054 | 0.486 ** | 0.497 ** | 0.468 ** | 0.426 ** | 0.544 ** | 0 | 1 | |
15. Depressive symptom | −0.341 ** | 0.274 | 0.458 | 0.128 | −0.159 | 0.081 | 0.104 | 0.548 ** | 0.431 ** | 0.442 ** | 0.529 ** | 0.690 * | 0 | 0.866 ** | 1 |
Variables | Backache | Headache | Upper Limbs Muscular Pain | Lower Limbs Muscular Pain | Abdominal Pain | General Fatigue | Sleep Disturbance | Depressive Symptoms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI, p) | ||||||||||
Model I | Emotional expression guide | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 1.117 (0.751–1.661, 0.584) | 1.762 (1.277–2.431, <0.001) | 1.220 (0.859–1.663, 0.204) | 1.655 (1.165–2.349, 0.004) | 1.266 (0.607–2.638, 0.531) | 1.645 (1.131–2.393, 0.007) | 1.193 (0.643–2.211, 0.576) | 7.333 (1.511–35.593, 0.004) | ||
Model II | Emotional expression guide | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 1.132 (0.760–1.685, 0.543) | 1.806 (1.300–2.510, <0.001) | 1.227 (0.899–1.675, 0.197) | 1.655 (1.162–2.358, 0.005) | 1.274 (0.595–2.731, 0.533) | 1.636 (1.122–2.385, 0.011) | 1.144 (0.603–2.170, 0.680) | 6.927 (1.389–34.550, 0.018) | ||
Model III | Emotional expression guide | Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
No | 1.026 (0.672–1.568, 0.904) | 1.798 (1.288–2.508, <0.001) | 1.279 (0.924–1.769, 0.138) | 1.627 (1.130–2.342, 0.009) | 1.208 (0.540–2.703, 0.645) | 1.582 (1.077–2.326, 0.020) | 1.111 (0.575–2.148, 0.754) | 6.149 (1.198–31.563, 0.030) |
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Ha, J.S.; Kim, J.A. The Importance of an Emotional Expression Guide to Prevent Work-Related Health Problems in Emotional Laborers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136710
Ha JS, Kim JA. The Importance of an Emotional Expression Guide to Prevent Work-Related Health Problems in Emotional Laborers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):6710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136710
Chicago/Turabian StyleHa, Ji Sun, and Jin Ah Kim. 2021. "The Importance of an Emotional Expression Guide to Prevent Work-Related Health Problems in Emotional Laborers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136710