Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Source
2.3. Data Management and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthrax Outbreaks
3.2. Anthrax Cases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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District | Village | Anthrax Outbreaks | |
---|---|---|---|
% (Number) | 95% CI a | ||
Maseru | 53 (20) | 37.3–67.5 | |
Maseru Urban | 18 (7) | 9.2–33.4 | |
Mofoka | 13 (5) | 5.8–27.3 | |
Ratau | 16 (6) | 7.4–30.4 | |
Popa | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Mazenod | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Mafeteng | 19 (7) | 9.2–33.4 | |
Kolo | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Thaba-Chitja | 8 (3) | 2.8–20.8 | |
Boleka | 8 (3) | 2.8–20.8 | |
Mohale’s Hoek | 13(5) | 5.8–27.3 | |
Qalakheng | 11 (4) | 4.2–24.1 | |
Qhobong | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Berea | 11 (4) | 4.2–24.1 | |
Khamolane | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Thupa-Kubu | 5 (2) | 1.5–17.3 | |
Malotoaneng | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Leribe | 6 (2) | 1.6–17.3 | |
Pitseng | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 | |
Mahobong | 3 (1) | 0.5–13.5 |
District | Villages | Anthrax Cases | |
---|---|---|---|
% (n/N) | 95% CI a | ||
Maseru | 1.3 (369/29,070) | 1.2–1.4 | |
Maseru Urban | 0.2 (14/8278) | 0.1–0.3 | |
Mofoka | 2.0 (211/10,729) | 1.7–2.3 | |
Ratau | 2.0 (133/6900) | 1.6–2.3 | |
Popa | 3.7 (6/163) | 1.7–7.8 | |
Mazenod | 0.2 (5/3000) | 0.1–0.4 | |
Berea | 0.5 (51/11,208) | 0.3–0.6 | |
Khamolane | 2.2 (1/46) | 0.4–11.3 | |
Thupa-Kubu | 0.4 (45/10,659) | 0.3–0.6 | |
Malotoaneng | 1.0 (5/503) | 0.4–2.3 | |
Mafeteng | 0.9 (73/8530) | 0.7–1.1 | |
Kolo | 10.5 (21/200) | 7.0–15.5 | |
Thaba-Chitja | 7.7 (33/430) | 5.5–10.6 | |
Boleka | 0.2 (19/7900) | 0.2–0.4 | |
Leribe | 14.3 (3/21) | 5.0–34.6 | |
Pitseng | 12.5 (2/16) | 3.5–36.0 | |
Mahobong | 20 (1/5) | 3.6–62.4 | |
MohalesHoek | 0.2 (30/14,558) | 0.1–0.3 | |
Qalakheng | 0.3 (27/10,058) | 0.2–0.4 | |
Qhobong | 0.1 (3/4500) | 0.0–0.2 |
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Lepheana, R.J.; Oguttu, J.W.; Qekwana, D.N. Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207584
Lepheana RJ, Oguttu JW, Qekwana DN. Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20):7584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207584
Chicago/Turabian StyleLepheana, Relebohile Juliet, James Wabwire Oguttu, and Daniel Nenene Qekwana. 2020. "Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207584